Chapter 1

Question 1

Atoms

Answer 1

Smallest Particle of an Element
E.x: Ne, H, Ar, Fe

Question 2

Molecules V.S. Compounds

Answer 2

Two or more atoms makes a molecule, if those atoms are different then they are a compound
E.x: Elem:O₃ or Comp: H₂O

Question 3

Pure Substance

Answer 3

Something that is made of one type of matter: Either an Element or a Compound. Composition is invariant.
E.x: O₃ or H₂O

Question 4

Mixtures

Answer 4

Two or more pure substances . Can be separated back into pure substances.

E.x: Tea: Separates into water and sugar and amnt of sugar and water can make tea sweet or bland

Question 5

Heterogeneous Mixture

Answer 5

A mixture where the substances do not mix uniformly.

E.x: Wet Sand. Water will mix a little with sand but the water will remain mostly on top

Question 6

Homogeneous Mixture

Answer 6

Mixture with the same composition of pure substance throughout. Uniform composition throughout.

E.x: Tea: Sugar will mix evenly into water (Unless it settles to the bottom, then heterogeneous)

Question 7

Chemical Change

Answer 7

Atoms rearrange. Original substance becomes a new substance

E.x: Rust: Iron reacts with oxygen to form iron oxide

Question 8

Physical Change

Answer 8

Change that alters the state or appearance of substance, but no new substance is formed.

E.x: Ice -> Water -> Vapor

Question 9

Physical Property

Answer 9

A property that a substance displays without changing it’s elemental composition

E.x:smell of gasoline

Question 10

Chemical Property

Answer 10

A property that a substance displays only when it changes its composition via a chemical change

E.x:Flammability of Gasoline: gasoline changes composition when it burns and becomes a new substance

Question 11

Intensive Properties

Answer 11

A property that is independent of the amount of the substance

E.x: Density -> no matter how much substance you have, its density will remain the same throughout. D of 1g Al = D of 1kg Al

Question 12

Extensive Properties

Answer 12

A property that depends on the amount of a substance

E.x: Mass -> M of 1g of gold =/= M of 1kg of gold

Question 13

Convert Metric System

Answer 13

k h D U d c m μ n p
Going Left: Divide by 10
Going Right: Multiply by 10

Question 14

Kelvin to Celsius

Answer 14

K = C + 273.15
(Usually just add 273)

C = K - 273.15
(Not necessary but F = 1.8(C) +32)

Question 15

Rules of Significant Figures

Answer 15

1: All nonzero digits are significant
2: Interior zeros are significant (0s btwn 2 nonzeros)
3:Leading Zeros are NOT significant (0.02 = 1sig)
4:Trailing Zeros before AFTER the decimal are significant, unless zero between sig fig and decimal zero -> see EX

140.0 = 4 significant figures

Question 16

Recording measurements

Answer 16

Divide measurement into tens and then estimate

E.x:if scale shows every 1 gram and marker points between 2 and 3 grams, divide the space into 10 and estimate, don’t say 2 or 3, say 2.5.

Question 17

Density Formula

Answer 17

D = M/V