Chapter 8 Flashcards
Three structural classifications of joints
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
Three functional classifications of joints
Synarthrotic
Amphiarthrotic
Diarthrotic
Held together by dense connective tissue (joint)
Fibrous joint
Held together by cartilage (joint)
Cartilaginous joint
Has a complex structure (joint)
Synovial joint
Immovable joint
Synarthrotic joint
Slightly moveable joint
Amphiarthrotic joint
Freely moveable joint
Diathrotic joint
Three types of fibrous joints
Syndesmosis
Suture
Gomphosis
Bones bound by a sheet of sends connective tissue (interosseous membrane) or a bundle of dense connective tissue interosseous ligaments) amphiarthrotic, between tibia and fibula (fiberous joint type)
Syndesmosis
Thin layer of connective tissue (cultural ligaments) connected bones. Synaryhrotic (immovable, between flat bones of skull(type of fiberous joint)
Suture
Cone-shaped bony process in a socket, synarthrosis (immovable). Root of tooth in a maxilla or mandible held in place by periodontal ligament
Gomphosis
Connected by hyaline cartilage or fibro cartilage (joint type)
Cartilaginous joint
Two types of cartilaginous joints
Synchondrosis
Symphysis
Bands of headline cartilage unite bone, synarthrotic, some temporary such as epiphyseal plate. Some are permanent, such as between manubrium and the first rib (costal cartilage) (type of cartilaginous joint)
Synchondrosis cartilaginous joints
Pad of fibro cartilage between bones, articular surfaces covered by headline cartilage, amphiarthrotic (limited movement) pubic symphsis, joints between bodies of adjacent vertebrae (intervertebral discs) (cartilagenous joints)
Symphasis
Most joints are this type, all are diathrotic (move freely) have a complex structure (joint type)
Synovial joints
Joint with widest range of motion, round head in cup shaped cavity, multi axial, plus rotation, hip and shoulder. Also called spheroidal joint
Ball and socket
Joint with back and forth, side to side movement, biaxial movement no rotation. Joints between metacarpals and phalanges. Also called spheroidal joint
Condylar joint
Joint with back and forth and twisting movements, no axial movement, almost flat and slightly curved. Also called gliding joint. Found in wrist and ankle joints
Plane joints
Joint where convex surface fits into concave surface of other bone, uniaxial movement (in one plane). Elbow, joints between phalanges.
Hinge joint
Joint where cylindrical surface rotates within ring of other bone, uniaxial movement, rotation only. Atlas(c1) and dens of axis (c2). Also called trochoid joint
Pivot joint
Joint where both bones have a concave and convex surface, biaxial movement (in 2 planes). Found in carpal and metacarpal of thumb. Also called sellar joint
Saddle joint
Relatively fixed end of a skeletal muscle
Origin
More moveable end of a skeletal muscle
Insertion
Bending of parts at a joint
Flexion
Straightening of parts at a joint
Extension
Extension beyond normal anatomical position
Hyperextension
Bending to the side
Lateral flexion
Moving a part of body away from midline
Abduction
Moving a part of a body towards midline
Adduction
Ankle movement which points toes upward
Dorsiflexion
Ankle movement which points toes downward
Plantar flexion
Movement of a part of body in a circular path
Circumduction
Movement of limb so anterior surface moves toward midline
Medial rotation
Movement of limb so anterior surface moves away from midline
Lateral rotation
Forearm rotation so palm faces upward or forward, or lying down face up
Supination
Forearm rotation so palm faces downward or backward, or lying face down
Pronation
Turning of foot so plantar surface faces midline
Inversion
Turning of foot so plantar surface faces away from midline
Eversion
Movement of a body part forward
Protraction
Movement of a body part backward
Retraction
Raising a body part
Elevation
Lowering of a body part
Depression
