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A&P Chapter 5-8 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

A group of similar cells with a common function

A

Tissue

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2
Q

Study of tissues is called

A

Histology

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3
Q

Four major types of tissues in the body

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

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4
Q

Epithelial tissues are classified according to?

A

Number of cell layers and shape

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5
Q

Shapes of epithelial cells

A

Squamous (flat)
Cuboidal (cube)
Columnar (tall)

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6
Q

Layers of epithelial cells?

A

Simple (one layer)
Stratified(two or more layers)
Pseudo-stratified(appears layered, but not)

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7
Q

Composed of cells that produce and secrete substances into ducts or body fluid

A

Glandular epithelium

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8
Q

Two types of glands in body

A

Endocrine glands
Exocrine glands

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9
Q

Secretes into tissue fluid or blood

A

Endocrine gland

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10
Q

Secretes into ducts that open onto a surface

A

Exocrine glands

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11
Q

Two structural types of exocrine glands

A

Unicellular
Multicellular

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12
Q

Composed of one cell, such as a goblet cell (structural type of exocrine gland)

A

Unicellular

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13
Q

Composed of many cells; can be simple or compound; sweat and salivary glands (structural type of exocrine gland)

A

Multicellular

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14
Q

Types of glandular secretions

A

Merocrine
Apocrine
Holocrine

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15
Q

Secretes fluid products by exocytosis; salivary and sweat glands, pancreas

A

Merocrine

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16
Q

Lose small part of cell during secretion; mammary and ceruminous glands

A

Apocrine glands

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17
Q

Release entire cell filled with product; sebaceous glands (acne)

A

Holocrine glands

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18
Q

Major cell types of connective tissue

A

Fibroblasts
Macrophages
Mast cells

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19
Q

Most common connective tissue, secretes fibers into extracellular matrix, star shaped

A

Fibroblasts

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20
Q

Connective tissue- conducts phagocytosis, defends against infection

A

Macrophages (histiocytes)

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21
Q

Connective tissue, releases heparin(prevent blood clotting) release histamines (cause inflammatory response)

A

Mast cells

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22
Q

Three types of fibers

A

Collagen fibers
Elastic (yellow) fibers
Reticular fibers

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23
Q

Thick threads of collagen, the body’s main structural protein
Great tensile strength and flexible
Found in ligaments and tendons

A

Collagen fibers

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24
Q

Composed of elastin protein, branching
Can stretch and return to original shape
Found in vocal cords, respiratory passages

A

Elastic yellow fibers

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25
Q

Thin branching fibers of collagen
Delicate network
Spleen and liver

A

Reticular fibers

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26
Q

Connective tissue can be classified into two major categories

A

Connective tissue proper
Specialize connective tissue

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27
Q

Two types of connective tissue proper

A

Loose connective tissue
Dense connective tissue

28
Q

Areolar, adipose, and reticular are what type of connective tissue

A

Loose connective tissue

29
Q

Dense regular, dense irregular, and elastic are what type of connective tissue

A

Dense connective tissue

30
Q

Three types of specialized connective tissue

A

Cartilage
Blood
Bone

31
Q

Areolar connective tissue

A

Forms thin delicate membranes
Collagenous and elastic fibers
In subcutaneous layer
Beneath most epithelia, where it nourishes nearby epithelial cells

32
Q

Adipose tissue (fat)

A

Adipocytes store fat
Push their nuclei to one side
Crowd out other cell types
Cushion and insulate
Beneath skin(subcutaneous layer) behind eyeballs, around heart, and kidneys; in spaces between muscles

33
Q

Reticular connective tissue

A

Composed of network of thin reticular fibers
Supports walls of internal organs
Walls of liver and spleen

34
Q

Dense regular connective tissue

A

Closely packed collagenous fibers
Fine network of elastic fibers
Most cells are fibroblasts
Very strong, withstands pulling
Binds body parts together
Tendons, ligaments, and dermis
Poor blood supply, slow to heal

35
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue

A

Randomly organized, thick, interwoven collagenous fibers
Fibroblasts
Attachments between bones and spinal column
Walls of hollow organs; large arteries, airways
Parts of heart Elastic stretchy

36
Q

Three types of cartilage

A

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

37
Q

Most common type of cartilage, ends of bones in joints, nose, respiratory passages, embryonic skeleton

A

Hyaline cartilage

38
Q

Cartilage that is flexible due to elastic fiber matrix found in external ear and larynx

A

Elastic cartilage

39
Q

Cartilage that is very tough, due to many collagen fibers. Shock absorber. Found in intervertebral discs, pads of knees, and pelvic girdle

A

Fibrocartilage

40
Q

Makes up exterior hard portion of bone

A

Compact bone

41
Q

Makes up interior light potion of bone, houses marrow

A

Spongy bone

42
Q

Cemented together to form compact bone, central canals contain blood vessels, well nourished

A

Osteons

43
Q

Transport gases (blood)

A

Red blood cells

44
Q

Defend against infection (blood)

A

White blood cells

45
Q

Helps in blood clotting ( blood)

A

Platelets

46
Q

Composed of epithelial and connective tissue; covers body surfaces and lines cavities

A

Epithelial membranes

47
Q

Three types of epithelial membranes

A

Serous membranes
Mucous membranes
Cutaneous membranes

48
Q

Lines body cavities that do not open to outside of body. Secrete serous fluid to lubrication, reduce friction

A

Serous membrane

49
Q

Lines cavities and tubes that open to outside the body. Lining digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts

A

Mucous membranes

50
Q

Membrane that covers body surface, commonly called skin, part of integumentary system

A

Cutaneous membranes

51
Q

Membrane that is different from epithelial membranes. Composed entirely of connective tissue, lines joint cavities

A

Synovial membranes

52
Q

Type of muscle that attaches to bones, is striated, and voluntary. It is stimulated by nerves

A

Skeletal muscles

53
Q

Type of muscle that is non striated , involuntary and found in walls of hollow organs and blood vessels

A

Smooth muscles

54
Q

Type of muscle only found in heart, striated and involuntary. Had intercalated discs and specialized intercellular junctions

A

Cardiac muscle

55
Q

Found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

A

Nervous tissue

56
Q

Main nervous cells that special in communication, they coordinate, integrate , and regulate body function.

A

Neurons

57
Q

Neurons are composed of

A

Cell body(soma), dendrites, and an axon

58
Q

Cells that support and nourish neurons

A

Neuroglia

59
Q

Lines kidneys, thyroid follicles, ducts of some glands.

Secretion and absorption into ducts or tubes

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

60
Q

Lines stomach, uterus, and intestines

Secretion and absorption

A

Simple columnar epithelium

61
Q

Walls of alveoli and capillaries. Lines blood and lymphatic vessels

Diffusion(selective) and filtration

In and out

A

Simple squamous epithelium

62
Q

Lines respiratory passageways

Secretion and absorption of mucus. Protects against infection

A

Pseudostratified epithelium

63
Q

Lines urinary bladder, ureters, and part of urethra

Allows tissue to stretch; contract and expand

A

Transitional epithelium
(Urothelium)

64
Q

Outer layer of skin lines oral cavity vagina and anal canal

 Protective layer protects against microorganisms and or against water loss

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

65
Q

Lines ducts of mammary , sweat, salivary glands and pancreas

Protection and secretion and absorption

A

Stratified cuboidal epithelium 

66
Q

Lines male urethra and ducts of exocrine glands

Protection and secretion

A

Stratified columnar epithelium

A&P Chapter 5-8 (4 decks)

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