Chapter 7 Flashcards
Skeletal system divided into what two portions
Axial
Appendicular
Axial potion of skeleton consists of
Skull, thorax, spinal column bones
Appendicular portion of skeleton consists of?
Arms, legs, and pelvic bones
Bone that is long, narrow and has expanded ends
Long bone
Bones that are cube like
Short bones
Bones that are plate like; broad surfaces
Flat bones
Bones that are in a variety of shapes, most connected to several other bones
Irregular bones
Expanded end of bone
Epiphysis
The shaft of bone
Diaphysis
Portions of bone between diaphysis and epiphysis, widening part
Metaphysis
Covers epiphysis
Articular cartilage
Encloses bone; dense connective tissue
Periosteum
Makes up outside of bone (hard)
Compact bone
Makes up epiphyses (soft)
Spongy bone
Makes up spongy bone
Trabeculae
Hollow chamber in diaphysis; contains marrow
Medullary cavity
Lines bone cavity
Endosteum
Red or yellow, lines medullary cavity, spongy bone space
Marrow
Mature bone cells
Osteocytes
Chambers occupied by osteocytes
Lacunae
Tiny passageways through which the cell processes of osteocytes exchange nutrients and wastes
Canaliculi
Gives bone resilience
Collagen
Makes bone hard
Inorganic salts
Provides shape to body, support body structures, protects body structure, aid body movement, contains tissues that produce blood cells, stores inorganic salts
Bones
A condition that results from the loss of bone mineralization
Osteoporosis
Blood calcium level is regulated by
Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin
About 70% of bone matrix consists of inorganic mineral salts the most abundant salt is
Hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate)
Bones form when bone tissue replaces existing connective tissue in one of two ways. Which are
Intramembranous bones
Endochondral bones
Break down calcified matrix
Osteoclast
Replace cartilage with bone tissue
Osteoblasts
Calcium absorption; deficiency causes rickets, osteomalacia (vitamin)
Vitamin D
Osteoblast and osteoclast activity; deficiency retards bone development(vitamin)
Vitamin A
Collagen synthesis; deficiency results in slender, fragile bones (vitamin)
Vitamin C
Stimulates cartilage cell division (hormone)
Growth hormone
Number of bones in body
206
Axial skeleton has how many bones
80 bones
Appendicular skeleton has how many bones
126 bones
Fibrous membranes that connect cranial bones, change shape slightly at birth, four major…………… close between 2 months and 2 years
Fontanels (soft spots)
Protects spinal cord in vertebral canal, 33 bones in infant, 26 in adults
Vertebral column
Cervical vertebrae has how many vertebrae
7
Thoracic vertebrae has how many vertebrae
12
Lumbar vertebrae has how many vertebrae
5
Sacral vertebrae has how many vertebrae
5 fused
Coccyx has how many vertebrae
4 fused
Humans have how many ribs
12
How many ribs are true or vertebrosternal; directly connect to sternum
7
How many are false ribs
5
How many false ribs are vertebrochondrial ribs
3
How many false ribs are vertebral or “floating ribs”
2
Three parts of the sternum (breastbone)
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process
