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A&P Chapter 5-8 > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

The skin and it’s accessory structures( hair, nails, glands, sensory receptors) make up?

A

Integumentary system (cutaneous membrane)

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2
Q

Skin consists of two layers

A

Epidermis outer
Dermis inner

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3
Q

Outer layer of skin; composed of simple squamous epithelium with basement membrane between epidemic and dermis

A

Epidermis

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4
Q

Inner layer of skin, thicker than epidermis. Connective tissue, with collagenous and elastic fibers, blood muscle, nervous tissue

A

Dermis

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5
Q

Layer beneath dermis, insulating layer. Comprised of areolar and adipose tissue, not part of skin contains blood vessels that supply skin

A

Subcutaneous layer
(hypodermis)

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6
Q

Cell of epidermis found in stratum spinosum, phagocytes- protect skin and underlying tissue from infection

A

Dendritic (langerhans) cells

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7
Q

Skin cell found in stratum basale, along with sensory nerve endings, for Tactile Discs in dermis, act as sensory receptors for light touch

A

Tactile (Merkel) cells

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8
Q

Skin cells found in stratum basale, produce the pigment of melanin. Absorbs uv light from sunlight and provides skin color. Protects against DNA damage, fibroblast damage, and skin cancer

A

Melanocytes

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9
Q

Two layers of the dermis

A

Papillary layer
Reticular layer

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10
Q

Superficial layer of dermis, areolar connective tissue, thinner of the two layer. Location of dermal papillae, which forms finger prints

A

Papillary layer

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11
Q

Deeper layer of dermis, dense irregular connective tissue, thicker of the two layers

A

Reticular layer

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12
Q

Accessory structures of the skin consist of

A

Hair follicles
Nails
Skin glands (sweat and sebaceous)

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13
Q

Protective covering of ends of fingers and toes

A

Nails

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14
Q

Parts of nail

A

Nail plate(body)
Nail bed
Nail matrix
Lunula
Cuticle

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15
Q

Tube-like depression of epidermal cells from which hair develops; extends into dermis and or the subcutaneous layer

A

Hair follicle

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16
Q

Extends from skin surface to dermis or hypodermic (hair)

A

Hair root

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17
Q

Deepest part of hair root; contains diving cells of hair matrix

A

Hair bulb

18
Q

Portion of hair that extends beyond skin surface; composed of dead, epidermal cells

A

Hair shaft

19
Q

Contains blood vessels to nourish hair

A

Hair papilla

20
Q

Attached to hair follicle; contracts in response to cold or fear; and causes goose bumps

A

Arrector pili muscle

21
Q

Holocrine gland that is usually associated with hair follicles, produces sebum; keeps hair and skin soft and waterproof, excess sebum can cause acne

A

Sebaceous glands

22
Q

Glands that are widespread in skin, originate in deeper dermis or hypodermis as ball-shape coils

A

Sweat (sudoriferous) glands

23
Q

Three types of sweat glands

A

Eccrine (merocrine) glands
Apocrine sweat glands
Specialized sweat glands

24
Q

Most numerous glands in skin, consists mainly of water some salts, wastes. Responds to elevated body temp and open to body surface through pores

A

Eccrine (merocrine) glands

25
Q

Axillary and groin areas; open into hair follicles. Response to emotions and pain

A

Apocrine sweat glands

26
Q

Two types of specialized sweat glands

A

Ceruminous glands
Mammary glands

27
Q

Ear wax and a produced by

A

Ceruminous glands

28
Q

Breast milk is produced by

A

Mammary glands

29
Q

Functions of the skin

A

Protective barrier
Sensation
Excretion
Vitamin D (starts in skin)
Regulate body temperature

30
Q

Four ways heat is lost through the skin

A

Radiation
Conduction
Convection
Evaporation

31
Q

Primary method, infrared heat rays travel from warmer skin to cooler environment

A

Radiation

32
Q

Heat moves from warmer skin to cooler object

A

Conduction

33
Q

Heat loss from skin into circulating air currents

A

Convention

34
Q

Heat is lost through sweat as it evaporates, and carries heat away from the skin

A

Evaporation

35
Q

Thermoreceptors signal hypothalamus, validation of dermal blood vessels, vasoconstriction of deep blood vessels, sweat glands activated when…

A

Body temp rises

36
Q

Thermoreceptors signal hypothalamus, dermal vessels vasoconstrict, deeper blood vessels vasodilate, sweat glands are inactive, muscles contract involuntarily (shiver)

A

Body temp falls

37
Q

Abnormally high body temperature. Skin becomes dry, person gets weak, dizzy, nauseous, headache, rapid pulse

A

Hyperthermia

38
Q

Abnormally low body temperature. Progresses to confusion, lethargy, loss of reflexes, and consciousness. Without treatment organs shut down

A

Hypothermia

39
Q

Normal response to injury or stress, body’s attempt to restrict spread of infection. Skin may become reddened, swollen, warm, painful

A

Inflammation

40
Q

Burn where injuries only to epidermis, as in sun burn; rednesss, heat, inflammation

A

Superficial, partial thickness (first degree) burn

41
Q

Burn that destroys epidermis and some dermis, as in burns from hot liquid. May blister. Healing varies on burn severity. Stem cells in hair follicles and glands can regenerate skin. Usually recovers completely, no scarring

A

Deep, partial-thickness (second degree) burn

42
Q

Destroys epidermis, dermis, accessory structures. Prolonged exposure to heat, flames, hot liquid. Some healing from margin. Often requires skin grafts, skin substitutes

A

Full-thickness (third degree) burn

A&P Chapter 5-8 (4 decks)

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