Chapter 8

Question 1

understanding ethical, social and political issues in e-commerce

Answer 1

Why internet is the rout of so many controversies ?
R/ features on internet technology

internet can be used to commit crimes, threatens social value

• Ubiquity: Invade family life//distract workers at work//lowering productivity
• Global reach: weakens local small firms// Manufacturing to low wages in the world//
• universal standards: vulnerability
• Richness: screen technology//
• Interactivity:
• Information density: Trust, authencity and quality of information can be degraded.
• personalization: Invasion of privacy
• Social technology:

Question 2

Moral dimensions of internet society

Answer 2

Information rights
Property rights
Governance
Public safety and welfare

Ethics: Study of principals that individuals and organizations can use to determine right and wrong

Responsibility: As free moral agents, individuals and organizations are resp. for the actions they take

Accountability: individuals, organizations, and societies should be held accountable to others for the consequences of their actions

Liability:
individuals, organizations, and societies should be held accountable to others for the consequences of their actions

Due process:
individuals, organizations, and societies should be held accountable to others for the consequences of their actions

Question 3

Analyzing ethical dilemmas

Answer 3

what is dilemma?
individuals, organizations, and societies should be held accountable to others for the consequences of their actions

Five step process:
1. Identify and clearly describe the facts.
2. Define the conflict or dilemma and identify the
higher-order values involved.
3. Identify the stakeholders.
4. Identify the options that you can reasonably take.
5. Identify the potential consequences of your options

Question 4

Ethical principals

Answer 4

The golden rule
Universalism
Slippery Slope
Collective utilitarian principle
Risk aversion
No free lunch

Question 5

Privacy and informatios rights

Answer 5

Privacy
the moral right of individuals to be left alone, free from surveillance or interference from other individuals or organizations, including the state

Information Privacy
subset of privacy that rests on four central premises
1. moral rights to control use of info
2. know whether information is being collected
3. the right to personal information due process
4. the right to have personal information stored in a secure manner

Right to be forgotten
the claim of individuals to be able to edit and delete personal information

public sector
Privacy —–»> rights of citizens
Private sector
Privacy —–»> right of consumers

Question 6

Privacy and information rights

Answer 6

Information collected by e-commerce companies
*personally identifiable information (PII)
Any data that can be used to identify, locate, or
contact an individual
*Anonymous information
*Demographic and behavioral information that doesn’t
include any personal identifiers

Marketing
Profiling, 
the creation of digital images that characterize online individual and group behavior
Data image
Anonymous profile
personal profiles

Behavioral targeting,
retargeting

Social networks: privacy and self revelation

Mobile
Not use of cookies
Cross-device graph
a data file that combines web and smartphone
tracking data, as well as IoT devices, into a single
comprehensive user profile

Persistent location tracking
the ability to track the geo-location of phone users
whether they are using location tracking apps or not

Federal trade Commission ( FTC)

informed consent
consent given with knowledge of all material facts needed to make a rational decision

opt-in model
requires an affirmative action by the consumer to allow collection and use of consumer information

opt-out model
the default is to collect information unless the consumer takes an affirmative action to prevent the collection of data

Privacy Protection in EUROPE: The general data protection regulation ( GDPR)

privacy shield agreements
designed to ensure that EU data processed in non-EU
nations meets GDPR standards

safe harbor agreements

Industry self regulation

Question 7

Intellectual property rights

Answer 7

Balance between public and private

*Copyright
protects original forms of expression such as writings,
art, drawings, photographs, music, motion pictures,
performances, and computer programs from being
copied by others for a minimum of 70 years

Doctrine of fair use
under certain circumstances, permits use of
copyrighted material without permission

*Patent
grants the owner an exclusive monopoly on the ideas
behind an invention for 20 years

*trademark law
a mark used to identify and distinguish goods and
indicate their source

• trade secrets law
  information that is secret, has commercial value, and has been protected by its owner
  Coca-Cola

Question 8

Governance

Answer 8

Governance

Has to do with social control: who will control e-commerce, what
elements will be controlled, and how will the controls be implemented

Net neutrality
the concept that Internet service providers should treat all Internet traffic equally (or “neutrally”)

Question 9

Public, safety, and welfare

Answer 9

Pornography // protect children

gamblin// cigarrettes// drugs