Chapter 8 Flashcards
U.S. neutrality
President Wilson & most Americans favored neutrality; got harder w/British blockade of Germany
Eddie Rickenbacker
famous race car driver who became a pilot
doughboys
name for U.S. soldiers b/c buttons resembled dough dumplings
role of women in war
radio operators, nurses, clerks–ALL volunteer–not drafted like the men
Battle of the Marne
Britain & France vs. Germany
war bonds
raised money to help pay for WWI
victory garden
encouraged people to grow own food by Food Administration
Charles Evans Hughes
1916 Republican presidential candidate
submarines
German U-boats
Treaty of Versailles
dealt harshly w/Germany–June 28, 1919
Food Administration
encouraged rationing & victory gardens to conserve food
socialist view of war
against it b/c thought it would only help the rich
rationing
eating less so it can be send overseas
nationalism
intense loyalty to a country or group
who switched alliances
Italy switched from Central Powers to Allies
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
when Russia exited war–lost territory to Germany
why Britain entered the war
b/c Germany invaded Belgium–they had an alliance
militarism
culture created by European competition for colonies–build military strength to compete
ESSAY–3 conditions Pres. Wilson demanded
- Germany must accept Wilson’s plan for peace & promise not to renew fighting
- German troops must leave Belgium & France
- Wilson would only deal w/civilian leaders, not Germany military
ESSAY: Choose 3 terms: nationalism, alliance system, neutrality, stalemate.
Define AND explain how term connects to WWI.
nationalism
- intense loyalty to a country or group
- newly united nations like Italy & Germany
- ethnic groups wanted to break away & demand own nations
alliance system
- b/c nervous about military buildup
- promise to help each other if attacked
- Triple Alliance (bad guys)
- Triple Entente (good guys)
neutrality
- U.S. officially neutral, but people took sides
- propaganda
- trade w/both sides until British blockade of Germany
- looked like U.S. picked a side b/c still traded w/Britian
stalemate
- no one can win quickly & no progress made for months
- 3 years of facing off from networks of trenches
- no man’s land in middle
- major offenses to try to break stalemate
- –Battle of Verdun (German)
- –Battle of the Somme (Allies)
