Chapter 8

Question 1

provides a system of levers with which the skeletal muscles work to move the body

Answer 1

skeleton

Question 2

bones around the body’s center of gravity

Answer 2

axial skeleton

Question 3

bones of the limbs, or appendages

Answer 3

appendicular skeleton

Question 4

cartilage contains __ nerves or blood vessels

Answer 4

no

Question 5

type of cartilage known for its flexibility

Answer 5

elastic cartilage

Question 6

is the most common type of cartilage in the body

Answer 6

hyaline cartilage

Question 7

type of cartilage that provides strength and shock absorption

Answer 7

fibrocartilage

Question 8

type of cartilage that covers the ends of most bones and moveable joints

Answer 8

articular cartilage

Question 9

type of cartilage that connect the ribs to the sternum

Answer 9

costal cartilages

Question 10

found in the larynx and other respiratory structures

Answer 10

respiratory cartilages

Question 11

type of cartilage that supports the external nose

Answer 11

nasal cartilage

Question 12

type of cartilage found in the external ear and the epiglottis

Answer 12

elastic cartilage

Question 13

type of cartilage found in the intervertebral discs, menisci, and public symphysis

Answer 13

fibrocartilage

Question 14

pads located between verebrae

Answer 14

intervertebral discs

Question 15

pads located in the knee joints

Answer 15

mensici

Question 16

located where the hip bones join anteriorly

Answer 16

pubic symphysis

Question 17

there are ____ bones in an adult skeleton

Answer 17

206

Question 18

is dense and made up of organizational units called osteons

Answer 18

compact bone

Question 19

is composed of small trabeculae of bone and lots of open space

Answer 19

spongy bone

Question 20

bones are classified into __ groups

Answer 20

four

Question 21

bones that are much longer than they are wide, generally consisting of a shaft with heads at either end

Answer 21

long bone

Question 22

an example of a long bone is the ___ and ______

Answer 22

femur ; phalanges

Question 23

long bones are composed of mostly ___ bone

Answer 23

compact

Question 24

are typically cube shaped bones

Answer 24

short bones

Question 25

short bones contain more ___ bone than compact bone

Answer 25

spongy

Question 26

an example of a short bone is the ___ and ____

Answer 26

tarsals ; carpals

Question 27

are generally thin, with two wafer-like layers of compact bone sandwiching a thicker layer of spongy bone between them

Answer 27

flat bones

Question 28

an example of a flat bone is the ____

Answer 28

sternum

Question 29

bones that do not fall into the other categories are called

Answer 29

Irregular bones

Question 30

an example of an irregular bone is the

Answer 30

vertebrae

Question 31

are special type of short bones formed within tendons

Answer 31

sesamoid bones

Question 32

an example of a sesamoid bone is the

Answer 32

patellas

Question 33

are tiny bones between cranial bones

Answer 33

sutural bones

Question 34

bumps, holes, ridges that reveal where the bones form joints with other bones, etc

Answer 34

bone markings

Question 35

type of marking that grow out from the bone and serve as sites of muscle attachment or help form joints

Answer 35

projections

Question 36

type of bone marking that serve as conduits for nerves and blood vessels

Answer 36

depressions

Question 37

large rounded projection; may be roughened

Answer 37

tuberosity

Question 38

narrow ridge of bone, usually prominent

Answer 38

crest

Question 39

very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process

Answer 39

trochanter

Question 40

narrow ridge of bone, less prominent than a crest

Answer 40

line

Question 41

small rounded projection or process

Answer 41

tubercle

Question 42

raised area on or above a condyle

Answer 42

epicondyle

Question 43

sharp, slender, often pointed projection

Answer 43

spine

Question 44

bony prominence

Answer 44

process

Question 45

bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

Answer 45

head

Question 46

smooth, nearly flat articular surface

Answer 46

facet

Question 47

rounded articular projection

Answer 47

condyle

Question 48

armlike bar of bone

Answer 48

ramus

Question 49

narrow, slitlike opening

Answer 49

fissure

Question 50

round or oval opening through a bone

Answer 50

foramen

Question 51

indentation at the edge of a structure

Answer 51

notch

Question 52

canal-like passageway

Answer 52

meatus

Question 53

bone cavity, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane

Answer 53

sinus

Question 54

shallow basinlike depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface

Answer 54

fossa

Question 55

the hardness of bone is due to the ____ ___ ___ deposited in its ground substance

Answer 55

inorganic calcium salts

Question 56

the flexibility of bone comes from the ___ elements of the matrix; particularly the _____ fibers

Answer 56

collagen

Question 57

has a spiky, open work appearance resulting from the arrangement of the trabeculae that compose it

Answer 57

spongy bone

Question 58

appears to be dense and homogenous on the outer surface

Answer 58

compact bone

Question 59

riddled with passageways carrying blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels that provide living bone cells with needed substances and a way to eliminate wastes

Answer 59

compact bone

Question 60

except for collarbones, all bones of the body inferior to the skill form by this process

Answer 60

endochondral ossification

Question 61

process that uses hyaline cartilage as a model for bone formation

Answer 61

endochondral ossification