Chapter 8 Flashcards
provides a system of levers with which the skeletal muscles work to move the body
skeleton
bones around the body’s center of gravity
axial skeleton
bones of the limbs, or appendages
appendicular skeleton
cartilage contains __ nerves or blood vessels
no
type of cartilage known for its flexibility
elastic cartilage
is the most common type of cartilage in the body
hyaline cartilage
type of cartilage that provides strength and shock absorption
fibrocartilage
type of cartilage that covers the ends of most bones and moveable joints
articular cartilage
type of cartilage that connect the ribs to the sternum
costal cartilages
found in the larynx and other respiratory structures
respiratory cartilages
type of cartilage that supports the external nose
nasal cartilage
type of cartilage found in the external ear and the epiglottis
elastic cartilage
type of cartilage found in the intervertebral discs, menisci, and public symphysis
fibrocartilage
pads located between verebrae
intervertebral discs
pads located in the knee joints
mensici
located where the hip bones join anteriorly
pubic symphysis
there are ____ bones in an adult skeleton
206
is dense and made up of organizational units called osteons
compact bone
is composed of small trabeculae of bone and lots of open space
spongy bone
bones are classified into __ groups
four
bones that are much longer than they are wide, generally consisting of a shaft with heads at either end
long bone
an example of a long bone is the ___ and ______
femur ; phalanges
long bones are composed of mostly ___ bone
compact
are typically cube shaped bones
short bones
short bones contain more ___ bone than compact bone
spongy
an example of a short bone is the ___ and ____
tarsals ; carpals
are generally thin, with two wafer-like layers of compact bone sandwiching a thicker layer of spongy bone between them
flat bones
an example of a flat bone is the ____
sternum
bones that do not fall into the other categories are called
Irregular bones
an example of an irregular bone is the
vertebrae
are special type of short bones formed within tendons
sesamoid bones
an example of a sesamoid bone is the
patellas
are tiny bones between cranial bones
sutural bones
bumps, holes, ridges that reveal where the bones form joints with other bones, etc
bone markings
type of marking that grow out from the bone and serve as sites of muscle attachment or help form joints
projections
type of bone marking that serve as conduits for nerves and blood vessels
depressions
large rounded projection; may be roughened
tuberosity
narrow ridge of bone, usually prominent
crest
very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process
trochanter
narrow ridge of bone, less prominent than a crest
line
small rounded projection or process
tubercle
raised area on or above a condyle
epicondyle
sharp, slender, often pointed projection
spine
bony prominence
process
bony expansion carried on a narrow neck
head
smooth, nearly flat articular surface
facet
rounded articular projection
condyle
armlike bar of bone
ramus
narrow, slitlike opening
fissure
round or oval opening through a bone
foramen
indentation at the edge of a structure
notch
canal-like passageway
meatus
bone cavity, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane
sinus
shallow basinlike depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface
fossa
the hardness of bone is due to the ____ ___ ___ deposited in its ground substance
inorganic calcium salts
the flexibility of bone comes from the ___ elements of the matrix; particularly the _____ fibers
collagen
has a spiky, open work appearance resulting from the arrangement of the trabeculae that compose it
spongy bone
appears to be dense and homogenous on the outer surface
compact bone
riddled with passageways carrying blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels that provide living bone cells with needed substances and a way to eliminate wastes
compact bone
except for collarbones, all bones of the body inferior to the skill form by this process
endochondral ossification
process that uses hyaline cartilage as a model for bone formation
endochondral ossification
