Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

provides a system of levers with which the skeletal muscles work to move the body

A

skeleton

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2
Q

bones around the body’s center of gravity

A

axial skeleton

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3
Q

bones of the limbs, or appendages

A

appendicular skeleton

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4
Q

cartilage contains __ nerves or blood vessels

A

no

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5
Q

type of cartilage known for its flexibility

A

elastic cartilage

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6
Q

is the most common type of cartilage in the body

A

hyaline cartilage

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7
Q

type of cartilage that provides strength and shock absorption

A

fibrocartilage

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8
Q

type of cartilage that covers the ends of most bones and moveable joints

A

articular cartilage

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9
Q

type of cartilage that connect the ribs to the sternum

A

costal cartilages

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10
Q

found in the larynx and other respiratory structures

A

respiratory cartilages

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11
Q

type of cartilage that supports the external nose

A

nasal cartilage

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12
Q

type of cartilage found in the external ear and the epiglottis

A

elastic cartilage

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13
Q

type of cartilage found in the intervertebral discs, menisci, and public symphysis

A

fibrocartilage

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14
Q

pads located between verebrae

A

intervertebral discs

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15
Q

pads located in the knee joints

A

mensici

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16
Q

located where the hip bones join anteriorly

A

pubic symphysis

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17
Q

there are ____ bones in an adult skeleton

A

206

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18
Q

is dense and made up of organizational units called osteons

A

compact bone

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19
Q

is composed of small trabeculae of bone and lots of open space

A

spongy bone

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20
Q

bones are classified into __ groups

A

four

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21
Q

bones that are much longer than they are wide, generally consisting of a shaft with heads at either end

A

long bone

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22
Q

an example of a long bone is the ___ and ______

A

femur ; phalanges

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23
Q

long bones are composed of mostly ___ bone

A

compact

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24
Q

are typically cube shaped bones

A

short bones

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25
Q

short bones contain more ___ bone than compact bone

A

spongy

26
Q

an example of a short bone is the ___ and ____

A

tarsals ; carpals

27
Q

are generally thin, with two wafer-like layers of compact bone sandwiching a thicker layer of spongy bone between them

A

flat bones

28
Q

an example of a flat bone is the ____

A

sternum

29
Q

bones that do not fall into the other categories are called

A

Irregular bones

30
Q

an example of an irregular bone is the

A

vertebrae

31
Q

are special type of short bones formed within tendons

A

sesamoid bones

32
Q

an example of a sesamoid bone is the

A

patellas

33
Q

are tiny bones between cranial bones

A

sutural bones

34
Q

bumps, holes, ridges that reveal where the bones form joints with other bones, etc

A

bone markings

35
Q

type of marking that grow out from the bone and serve as sites of muscle attachment or help form joints

A

projections

36
Q

type of bone marking that serve as conduits for nerves and blood vessels

A

depressions

37
Q

large rounded projection; may be roughened

A

tuberosity

38
Q

narrow ridge of bone, usually prominent

A

crest

39
Q

very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process

A

trochanter

40
Q

narrow ridge of bone, less prominent than a crest

A

line

41
Q

small rounded projection or process

A

tubercle

42
Q

raised area on or above a condyle

A

epicondyle

43
Q

sharp, slender, often pointed projection

A

spine

44
Q

bony prominence

A

process

45
Q

bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

A

head

46
Q

smooth, nearly flat articular surface

A

facet

47
Q

rounded articular projection

A

condyle

48
Q

armlike bar of bone

A

ramus

49
Q

narrow, slitlike opening

A

fissure

50
Q

round or oval opening through a bone

A

foramen

51
Q

indentation at the edge of a structure

A

notch

52
Q

canal-like passageway

A

meatus

53
Q

bone cavity, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane

A

sinus

54
Q

shallow basinlike depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface

A

fossa

55
Q

the hardness of bone is due to the ____ ___ ___ deposited in its ground substance

A

inorganic calcium salts

56
Q

the flexibility of bone comes from the ___ elements of the matrix; particularly the _____ fibers

A

collagen

57
Q

has a spiky, open work appearance resulting from the arrangement of the trabeculae that compose it

A

spongy bone

58
Q

appears to be dense and homogenous on the outer surface

A

compact bone

59
Q

riddled with passageways carrying blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels that provide living bone cells with needed substances and a way to eliminate wastes

A

compact bone

60
Q

except for collarbones, all bones of the body inferior to the skill form by this process

A

endochondral ossification

61
Q

process that uses hyaline cartilage as a model for bone formation

A

endochondral ossification