Chapter 5

Question 1

concentration or pressure differences drive the movement

Answer 1

passive processes

Question 2

the cell provides energy (ATP) to power the transport process

Answer 2

active provesses

Question 3

two important passive processes are _____ and _____

Answer 3

diffusion and filtration

Question 4

is present when molecules are unevenly distributed, resulting in an area of lower concentration and an area of higher concentration

Answer 4

concentration gradient

Question 5

is the movement of molecules from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration

Answer 5

diffusion

Question 6

diffusion is dependent on

Answer 6

size and temperature

Question 7

___ molecules and increased ___ make molecules move faster

Answer 7

small ; temperature

Question 8

the unassisted diffusion of solutes through a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 8

simple diffusion

Question 9

substances move by a passive transport system along with the assistance of a protein carrier molecule

Answer 9

facilitated diffusion

Question 10

the flow of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 10

osmosis

Question 11

during osmosis, water moves ___ its concentration gradient

Answer 11

down

Question 12

cells retain their normal size; the solute/water concentration is equal

Answer 12

isotonic solution

Question 13

cells lose water by osmosis and shrink ; contains a higher concentration of nonpenetrating solutes than are present inside of the cells

Answer 13

hypertonic solution

Question 14

cells take on water by osmosis until they become bloated and burst (lyse) ; contains a lower concentration of non-penetrating solutes than are present in cells

Answer 14

hypotonic solutions

Question 15

is a passive process in which water and solutes are forced through a membrane by hydrostatic pressure

Answer 15

filtration

Question 16

requires carrier proteins that combine specifically with transported substance

Answer 16

active transport

Question 17

fluids containing large particles and macromolecules are transported across cellular membranes inside membraneous sacs called vesicles

Answer 17

vesicular transport

Question 18

substances moving into the cell

Answer 18

endocytosis

Question 19

substances moving out of the cell

Answer 19

exocytosis

Question 20

the cell engulfs some relatively large/solid material ; cell eating

Answer 20

Phagocytosis

Question 21

cell drinking ; the cells gulps a drop of extracellular fluid containing dissolved molecules

Answer 21

pinocytosis

Question 22

the main mechanism for specific endocytosis of most macromolecules

Answer 22

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 23

specific substances attach to cell-surface receptors and enter the cell in protein coated vesicles

Answer 23

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 24

a vesicular transport process that ejects substances from the cell into the extracellular fluid

Answer 24

exocytosis