Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

concentration or pressure differences drive the movement

A

passive processes

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2
Q

the cell provides energy (ATP) to power the transport process

A

active provesses

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3
Q

two important passive processes are _____ and _____

A

diffusion and filtration

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4
Q

is present when molecules are unevenly distributed, resulting in an area of lower concentration and an area of higher concentration

A

concentration gradient

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5
Q

is the movement of molecules from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration

A

diffusion

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6
Q

diffusion is dependent on

A

size and temperature

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7
Q

___ molecules and increased ___ make molecules move faster

A

small ; temperature

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8
Q

the unassisted diffusion of solutes through a selectively permeable membrane

A

simple diffusion

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9
Q

substances move by a passive transport system along with the assistance of a protein carrier molecule

A

facilitated diffusion

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10
Q

the flow of water across a selectively permeable membrane

A

osmosis

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11
Q

during osmosis, water moves ___ its concentration gradient

A

down

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12
Q

cells retain their normal size; the solute/water concentration is equal

A

isotonic solution

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13
Q

cells lose water by osmosis and shrink ; contains a higher concentration of nonpenetrating solutes than are present inside of the cells

A

hypertonic solution

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14
Q

cells take on water by osmosis until they become bloated and burst (lyse) ; contains a lower concentration of non-penetrating solutes than are present in cells

A

hypotonic solutions

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15
Q

is a passive process in which water and solutes are forced through a membrane by hydrostatic pressure

A

filtration

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16
Q

requires carrier proteins that combine specifically with transported substance

A

active transport

17
Q

fluids containing large particles and macromolecules are transported across cellular membranes inside membraneous sacs called vesicles

A

vesicular transport

18
Q

substances moving into the cell

A

endocytosis

19
Q

substances moving out of the cell

A

exocytosis

20
Q

the cell engulfs some relatively large/solid material ; cell eating

A

Phagocytosis

21
Q

cell drinking ; the cells gulps a drop of extracellular fluid containing dissolved molecules

A

pinocytosis

22
Q

the main mechanism for specific endocytosis of most macromolecules

A

receptor-mediated endocytosis

23
Q

specific substances attach to cell-surface receptors and enter the cell in protein coated vesicles

A

receptor-mediated endocytosis

24
Q

a vesicular transport process that ejects substances from the cell into the extracellular fluid

A

exocytosis