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BIO 2451 Lab > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

is considered an organ system because of the multiple organs, the skin, and the accessory organs

A

integument

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2
Q

function is to protect and insulate

A

skin

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3
Q

the ____ ____ plays an important role in temperature regulation by regulating heat loss from the body surface

A

capillary network

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4
Q

skin can also act as an ___ ____

A

excretory system

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5
Q

region of skin composed of epithelium; top

A

epidermis

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6
Q

region of skin with the an underlying connective tissue; middle layer

A

dermis

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7
Q

not considered part of the skin, deep to the dermis, primarily adipose tissue

A

hypodermis

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8
Q

the epidermis is ____

A

avascular

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9
Q

the avascular epidermis is a ___ ___ ____ ___

A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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10
Q

the most abundant epidermal cell, main function is to produce keratin fibrils

A

keratinocytes

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11
Q

is a fibrous protein that gives the epidermis its durability and protective capabilities

A

keratin

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12
Q

spidery black cells that produce the brown-to-black pigment called melanin

A

melanocytes

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13
Q

brown-to-black pigment

A

melanin

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14
Q

cells arise from the bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis; key role in immune response

A

dendritic cells

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15
Q

occasional spiky hemispheres that form sensitive touch receptors located at the epidermal-dermal junction

A

tactile epithelial cells

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16
Q

there are __ layers of epidermis

A

four

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17
Q

outermost layer of the epidermis consisting of 20-30 layers of dead keratinocytes; constantly being exfoliated and replaced by the division of deeper cells

A

stratum coreneum

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18
Q

stratum coreneum is also called the

A

horny layer

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19
Q

present only in thick skin, a very transparent band of flattened dead keratinocytes with indistinct boundaries

A

stratum lucidum

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20
Q

stratum lucidum is also called the

A

clear layer

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21
Q

thin layer with abundant granules

A

stratum granulosum

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22
Q

stratum granulosum is also called the

A

granular layer

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23
Q

type of granule that contain a waterproofing glycolipid that is secreted into the extracellular space

A

lamellar granules

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24
Q

type of granule that helps form keratin in the more superficial layers

A

keratohyaline granules

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25
Q

several layers of cells that contain thick, weblike bundles of intermediate filaments made of pre-keratin protein

A

stratum spinosum

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26
Q

the stratum spinosum is also called the

A

spiny layer

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27
Q

a single row of cells immediately abode the dermis; these cells are constantly undergoing mitosis

A

stratum basale

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28
Q

the stratum basale layer is also called the

A

basal layer

29
Q

in order from deep to superficial the layers of the epidermis are the

A

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum

30
Q

the dermis is made from

A

connective tissue proper

31
Q

the dermis consists of ___ principle regions

A

two

32
Q

the more superficial dermal region composed of areolar connective tissue with dermal papillae, capillary networks, pain receptors, and touch receptors

A

papillary dermis

33
Q

fingerlike projections that lie on top of larger dermal ridges; produce fingerprints

A

dermal papillae

34
Q

deepest skin layer that is composed of dense irregular connective tissue and contains many arteries and veins, sweat and sebaceous glands, and pressure receptors

A

reticular dermis

35
Q

the dermis layer plays a role in regulation of __ _____

A

body temperature

36
Q

the dermis is full of ___ ____ and ___ fibers

A

lymphatic vessels; nerve

37
Q

is a result of the relative amount of melanin in the skin, the relative amount of carotene in the skin, and the degree of oxygenation in the blood

A

skin color

38
Q

a yellow-orange pigment

A

carotene

39
Q

a blueish cast due to inadequately oxygenated blood

A

cyanosis

40
Q

the tissues become yellowed

A

jaundice

41
Q

bronzing of skin usually hints at

A

addison’s disease

42
Q

accessory organs of the skin include

A

cutaneous glands, hair, and nails

43
Q

hornlike derivatives of the epidermis

A

nails

44
Q

part of the nail that is the visible attached portion

A

nail plate

45
Q

the portion of the nail that grows out away from the body

A

free edge

46
Q

the region beneath the free edge of the nail

A

hyponychium

47
Q

the part that is embedded in the skin and adheres to an epithelial nail bed

A

nail root

48
Q

skin folds that overlap the borders of the nail

A

nail folds

49
Q

projection of the thick proximal nail fold commonly called the cuticle

A

eponychium

50
Q

extension of the stratum basale beneath the nail

A

nail bed

51
Q

the thickened proximal part of the nail bed containing germinal cells responsible for nail growth

A

nail matrix

52
Q

the proximal region of the thickened nail matrix which appears as a white crescent moon

A

lunule

53
Q

structure formed from both epidermal and dermal cells

A

hair follicle

54
Q

is enclosed by a thickened basement membrane and a peripheral connective tissue sheath

A

epithelial root sheath

55
Q

essentially dermal tissue

A

peripheral connective tissue sheath

56
Q

small nipple of dermal tissue protrudes into the hair bulb from the peripheral connective tissue sheath and provide nutrition to the growing hair

A

hair papilla

57
Q

a layer of actively dividing epithelial cells located on top of the hair papilla

A

hair matrix

58
Q

small bands of smooth muscle cells connect to each hair follicle to the papillary layer of the dermis

A

arrector pili muscle

59
Q

cause hair to stand upright when cold or frightened

A

arrector pili muscle

60
Q

found nearly all over the skin, their ducts empty into a hair follicle or on the skins surface

A

sebaceous (oil) glands

61
Q

is the product of sebaceous glands; mixture of oily substances and fragmented cells that act as a lubricant

A

sebum

62
Q

the sebaceous glands become more oily during

A

puberty

63
Q

are accumulations of dried sebum, bacteria, and melanin from epithelial cells in the oil duct

A

blackheads

64
Q

is an active infection of the sebaceous glands

A

acne

65
Q

are exocrine glands that have pores

A

sweat (sudoriferous) glands

66
Q

have two categories the sebaceous gland and the sweat glands

A

cutaneous glands

67
Q

glands distributed all over the body that produce clear secretion consisting of water, salts, and urea

A

eccrine sweat glands

68
Q

found predominately in the axillary and genital areas; secrete the basic components of eccrine sweat plus proteins and fat rich substances; odorless until bacteria break down its components

A

apocrine sweat glands

BIO 2451 Lab (10 decks)

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