Chapter 7.3: Social Interaction and Social Behavior

Question 1

Utilitarian Organization

Answer 1

those in which members get paid for their efforts, such as businesses

Question 2

Normative Organization

Answer 2

motivate membership based on morally relevant goals ex. MADD

Question 3

Coercive Organizations

Answer 3

those for which members do not have a choice in joining ex. prisons

Question 4

Impression management (self-presentation)

Answer 4

conscious or unconscious process whereby people attempt to manage their own images by influencing the perceptions of others

Question 5

Self-handicapping

Answer 5

people create obstacles and excuses to avoid self-blame when they do poorly

Question 6

Dramaturgical perspective

Answer 6

stems from symbolic interactionism and posits that we imagine ourselves as playing certain roles when interacting with others; our identities are not necessarily stable, but dependent on our interactions with others

Question 7

Front stage

Answer 7

we play a role and use impression management to craft the way we come across to other people

Question 8

Back stage

Answer 8

we can let down our guard and be ourselves

Question 9

Mere Exposure effect

Answer 9

explains why proximity is a huge factor in attraction; people prefer repeated exposure to the same stimuli

Question 10

Frustration-aggression principle

Answer 10

when someone is blocked from achieving a goal, this frustration can trigger anger, which can lead to aggression

Question 11

Random mating

Answer 11

all members of a species are equally likely to mate with each other, meaning there are no spatial, genetic, or behavioral limitations to mating; this ensures the largest amount of genetic diversity, and protects against genetic drift and bottle-necking

Question 12

Assortative mating

Answer 12

nonrandom mating pattern in which individuals with similar genotypes or phenotypes mate with one another more frequently than would be expected with random mating

Question 13

Negative assortative mating (disassortative)

Answer 13

individuals with more disparate traits mate more frequently than would be expected with random mating

Question 14

Inclusive fitness

Answer 14

the number of offspring the organism has, how it supports its offspring, and how its offspring support others in a group

Question 15

Altruistic behavior

Answer 15

an organism can improve overall genetic success through these behaviors; it is one that helps ensure success of survival of the rest of a social group, possibly at the expense of the success or survival of the individual

Question 16

Game theory

Answer 16

used to try to predict large, complex systems, such as the overall behavior of a population

Question 17

Role conflict

Answer 17

happens when there is a conflict in society’s expectations for multiple statuses held by the same person

Question 18

role strain

Answer 18

when a single status results in conflicting expectations

Question 19

Role exit

Answer 19

disengaging from a role that has become closely tied to one’s self-identity to take on another