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8th Grade Science T3 > Chapter 7 Weathering and Soil > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Weathering and Soil Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Process in which sediment is laid down in new locations.

A

Deposition

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1
Q

The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes.

A

Chemical Weathering

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2
Q

The process by which wind, water, glaciers, or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another.

A

Erosion

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3
Q

Type of weathering caused by reducing pressure on a rock surface, allowing slabs of outer rock to break off in layers.

A

Exfoliation

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4
Q

Rich, dark organic material formed by decay of matter, essential to soil’s fertility.

A

Humus

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5
Q

Process that splits rock when water seeps into cracks, then freezes and expands.

A

Ice Wedging

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6
Q

A chemical change in which a substance combines with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes, forming rust.

A

Oxidation

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7
Q

Weathering in which solid rock is fragmented by mechanical processes that do not change its chemical composition.

A

Physical Weathering (mechanical)

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8
Q

The part of the earth’s surface consisting of humus and disintegrated rock.

A

Soil

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9
Q

A layer in a soil profile.

A

Soil Horizon

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10
Q

All the vertical layers or horizons that make up a soil in a particular place.

A

Soil Profile

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11
Q

The chemical and physical processes that break down rock at Earth’s surface.

A

Weathering

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12
Q

Rainfall that is made sufficiently when carbon dioxide combines with water. This is chemical weathering.

A

Acid Rain

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13
Q

A crack in the ground made by a narrow or thin piece of ice that expands the ground when it freezes. This is mechanical weathering.

A

Ice Wedging

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14
Q

When a substance combines with oxygen, and oxides and forms rust. This is chemical change.

A

Oxidation

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15
Q

A type of weathering caused by reducing pressure on a rocks surface and makes the outer rock break off in layers. This is mechanical weathering.

A

Exfoliation

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16
Q

When Rock is split by roots of plants. This is mechanical weathering.

A

Plant weathering

17
Q

When an animal burrows in the ground and breaks up the rock. This is mechanical weathering.

A

Animal weathering

18
Q

A combination of fungus and algae that lives on rock and produces a weak acid. This is chemical weathering.

A

Lichen weathering

19
Q

What are 3 factors that affect the rate of weathering?

A

Climate, pressure, composition

20
Q

How are humans changing soil formation?

A

Farming, mining and forestry

21
Q

How does climate affect soil type? Why is climate the most important factor in developing the characteristics of a soil?

A

When the climate is warm, plants and animals die and produce soil. Also bacteria weathers down rock. It is most important because it can help the soil being produced.

22
Q

What is the role of partially decayed plant and animal remains in a soil?

A

It gives nutrients in the soil and creates acid that helps with weathering

23
Q

How many horizons does typical soil contain?

A

About 3

24
Q

What is the A-horizon? What does it contain?

A

The a horizon is called top soil. It contains organic material

25
Q

What are the characteristics of the B-horizon? What is leaching?

A

The b horizon is where soluble minerals and clay accumulate. Leaching is when minerals drain away from soil

26
Q

What is the C horizon? How does it differ from the other layers?

A

The c horizon is a layer of partially altered bedrock. It is the lowest horizon and has rock in it

27
Q

_____ is the loose covering of weathered rock particles and decaying organic matter overlying the bedrock of earth

A

Soil

28
Q

When a hole is dug out of the ground, a vertical sequence of layers is exposed called a __________

A

Soil profile

29
Q

A distinct layer or zone located in the soil profile is called a ______

A

Soil horizon

30
Q

The rich, dark material from decayed organic material is called______

A

Humus

31
Q

Weathering is the process by which rocks on or near earths surface break down and change.
True or false?

A

True

32
Q

Mechanical weathering changes the chemical composition of rocks.
True or false?

A

False

33
Q

The repeated thawing and freezing of water in the cracks of rock is called ice wedging.
True or false?

A

True

34
Q

The chemical reaction of carbon dioxide with other substances is called oxidation.
True or false?

A

False

35
Q

The horizons in order are…

A

A, b, c

36
Q

The three horizons make up a soil____

A

Profile

37
Q

What horizon contains the most humus?

A

A

38
Q

What horizon is most like parent material?

A

C

39
Q

The most leaching of minerals occurs from the ____ horizon to the ____ horizon

A

A, b

40
Q

Top soil is the ____ horizon

A

A

41
Q

How does soil form?

A

Decaying of loose organic debris

8th Grade Science T3 (4 decks)

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