Chapter 7 Vocabulary

Question 1

arteriole

Answer 1

small artery

Question 2

calyx or calix

Answer 2

cuplike collecting region of the renal pelvis; the term comes from the Greek, kalux, meaning a cup or case surrounding a flower bud

Question 3

catheter

Answer 3

tube for injecting or removing fluids

Question 4

cortex

Answer 4

outer region of an organ

Question 5

creatinine

Answer 5

nitrogenous waster excreted in urine

Question 6

electrolyte

Answer 6

chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water

Question 7

erythropoietin (EPO)

Answer 7

hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate production of red blood cells by bone marrow; -poietin means a substance that forms

Question 8

filtration

Answer 8

process whereby some substances pass through a filter

Question 9

glomerular capsule

Answer 9

enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus; also called a Bowman capsule

Question 10

glomerulus

Answer 10

tiny ball capillaries in the kidney

Question 11

hilum

Answer 11

depression in the part of an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave; comes from the latin meaning a small thing

Question 12

kidney

Answer 12

one of two bean shaped organs that filter nitrogenous waste from the bloodstream to form urine

Question 13

meatus

Answer 13

opening or canal

Question 14

medulla

Answer 14

inner region of an organ; the term comes from the latin medulla meaning marow

Question 15

nephron

Answer 15

the functional unit of the kidney where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place

Question 16

nitrogenous waste

Answer 16

substance containing nitrogen and excreted in the urine; examples are urea, uric acid, and creatinine

Question 17

potassium K+

Answer 17

an electrolyte regulated by the kidney

Question 18

reabsorption

Answer 18

renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream

Question 19

renal artery

Answer 19

blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney

Question 20

renal pelvis

Answer 20

central collection region in the kidney

Question 21

renal tubules

Answer 21

microscopic tubes in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration

Question 22

renal vein

Answer 22

blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney

Question 23

renin

Answer 23

hormone secreted by the kidney that raises blood pressure

Question 24

sodium NA+

Answer 24

an electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys; a common form of sodium is sodium chloride (salt)

Question 25

trigone

Answer 25

triangular area in the urinary bladder

Question 26

urea

Answer 26

major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

Question 27

ureter

Answer 27

one of two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Question 28

urethra

Answer 28

tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the bladder

Question 29

uric acid

Answer 29

nitrogenous waste product excreted in the urine

Question 30

urinary bladder

Answer 30

hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine

Question 31

urination (voiding)

Answer 31

process of expelling urine; also called micturition