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Medical Terminology Exam 1 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Structural Organization of the Body

A

cells
tissues
organs
systems

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2
Q

Major parts of a cell:

A 
chromosomes
nucleus
cell membrane
cytoplasm
mitochondria
endoplasmic reticulum
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3
Q

cell membrane

A

Surrounds and protects the cell and also regulates what passes into and out of the cell.

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4
Q

nucleus

A

Controls the operations of the cell; directs cell division and determines the structure and function of the cell

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5
Q

chromosomes

A

rod-like structures within the nucleus

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6
Q

genes

A

Regions on chromosmes

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7
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid; regulates the activities of the cell according to its sequence (arrangement into genes) on each chromosome

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8
Q

karyotype

A

A photograph of an individual’s chromosomes arranged by size, shape, and number.

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9
Q

cytoplasm

A

“Cell formation;” includes all of the material outside the nucleus and enclosed by the cell membrane.

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10
Q

mitochondria

A

Small sausage shaped bodies that provide the principal source of energy for the cell.

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11
Q

catabolism

A

Chemical process where complex foods such as sugar and fat are broken down into simpler substances and energy is released by the mitochondria

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12
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

A network of canals within the cell that manufacture proteins for the cell.

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13
Q

anabolism

A

The process of building long chains for proteins that occurs in the ER.

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14
Q

metabolism

A

the total of the chemical processes (anabolism and catabolism) occurring in a cell.

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15
Q

different tissue types

A

epithelial tissue
muscle tissue
connective tissue
nerve tissue

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16
Q

adipose tissue

A

collection of fat cells

17
Q

cartilage

A

flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints.

18
Q

epithelial tissues

A

skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces or organs

19
Q

histologist

A

specialist in the study of tissues

20
Q

larynx

A

“voice box”; located at the upper part of the trachea

21
Q

pharynx

A

throat; serves as the common passageway for food and air

22
Q

pituitary gland

A

endocrine gland at the base of the brain

23
Q

thyroid gland

A

endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

24
Q

ureter

A

one of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder

25
Q

urethra

A

tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

26
Q

uterus

A

the womb; the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops

27
Q

viscera

A

internal organs

28
Q

Cranial body cavities and organs

A

brain

29
Q

Thoracic body cavities and organs

A

lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta, pleural cavity, mediastinum

30
Q

Abdominal body cavities and organs

A

stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, gall bladder, peritoneum

31
Q

Pelvic body cavities and organs

A

portions of the small and large intestines, bladder, rectum, urethra, ureters, uterus, and vagina in female

32
Q

Spinal body cavities and organs

A

nerves of the spinal cord

33
Q

diaphragm

A

muscular wall that divides the abdominal and thoracic cavities

34
Q

peritoneum

A

surrounds abdomical viscera

35
Q

pleura

A

covers the lungs

36
Q

periosteum

A

protects bones

37
Q

abdominopelvic regions

A

hypochondriac- right and left upper regions beneath the ribs
epigastric- middle upper region above the stomach
lumbar- right and left middle regions near the waist
umbilical- central region near the navel
inguinal- right and left lower regions near the groin (aka iliac regions)
hypogastric- middle lower region below the umbilical region

Medical Terminology Exam 1 (8 decks)

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