Chapter 5

Question 1

dysphagia

Answer 1

difficulty in swallowing

Question 2

eructation

Answer 2

gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth

Question 3

flatus

Answer 3

gas expelled through the anus

Question 4

hematochezia

Answer 4

passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum

Question 5

jaundice (icterus)

Answer 5

yellow-orange discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood

Question 6

melena

Answer 6

black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood

Question 7

nausea

Answer 7

unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with a tendency to vomit

Question 8

steatorrhea

Answer 8

fat in the feces; frothy, foul-smelling fecal matter

Question 9

aphthous stomatitis

Answer 9

inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers

Question 10

dental caries

Answer 10

tooth decay

Question 11

herpetic stomatitis

Answer 11

inflammation of the mouth by infection with the herpes virus (type 1)

Question 12

oral leukoplakia

Answer 12

white plaques or patches

Question 13

periodontal disease

Answer 13

inflammation and degeneration of the gums, teeth, and surrounding bone

Question 14

achalasia

Answer 14

failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax

Question 15

esophageal cancer

Answer 15

malignant tumor of the esophagus

Question 16

esophageal varices

Answer 16

swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus

Question 17

gastric carcinoma

Answer 17

malignant tumor of the stomach

Question 18

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Answer 18

solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach

Question 19

peptic ulcer

Answer 19

open sore or lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum

Question 20

hernia

Answer 20

protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it

Question 21

anal fistula

Answer 21

abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus

Question 22

colonic polyposis

Answer 22

polyps protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon

Question 23

colorectal cancer

Answer 23

adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum or both

Question 24

Crohn disease

Answer 24

chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

Question 25

diverticulosis

Answer 25

abnormal side pockets (outpouchings) in the intestinal wall

Question 26

dysentery

Answer 26

painful, inflamed intestines

Question 27

hemorrhoids

Answer 27

swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region

Question 28

ileus

Answer 28

failure of peristalsis with the resulting obstruction of the intestines

Question 29

inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Answer 29

inflammation of the colon and small intestine

Question 30

intussesception

Answer 30

telescoping of the intestines

Question 31

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Answer 31

group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension

Question 32

ulcerative colotis

Answer 32

chronic inflammation of the colon with the presence of ulcers

Question 33

volvulus

Answer 33

twisting of the intestines on itself

Question 34

corrhosis

Answer 34

chronic degenerative disease of the liver

Question 35

pancreatic cancer

Answer 35

malignant tumor of the pancreas

Question 36

pancreatitis

Answer 36

inflammation of the pancreas

Question 37

cholelithiasis

Answer 37

gallstones in the gallbladder