Chapter 7 vocab and people

Question 1

George Washington

Answer 1

served as representative to the Continental Congresses, commanded the Continental Army, and was unanimously elected to 2 terms as president of the United States

Question 2

electoral college

Answer 2

a body of electors who represent the people’s vote in choosing the president

Question 3

Martha Washington

Answer 3

the first First Lady

Question 4

precedent

Answer 4

an action or decision that later serves as an example

Question 5

Judiciary Act of 1789

Answer 5

created three levels of federal courts and defined their powers and relationship to the state courts

Question 6

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 6

American statesman and member of the Continental Congress
an author of the Federalist Papers
first secretary of treasury under George Washington
developed the Bank of the United States
wanted to pay foreign debt immediately and gradually repay the total value of all bonds

Question 7

national debt

Answer 7

money owed by the United States

Question 8

bonds

Answer 8

certificates of debt that carry a promise to buy back the bonds at a higher price

Question 9

speculators

Answer 9

people who buy items at low prices in the hope that the value will rise

Question 10

loose construction

Answer 10

means that the federal government can take reasonable actions that the Constitution does not specifically forbid

Question 11

strict construction

Answer 11

means the federal government should only do what the Constitution specifically says it can do

Question 12

Bank of the United States

Answer 12

the country’s first national bank chartered in 1791

Question 13

French Revolution

Answer 13

a rebellion of French people against their king in 1789

Question 14

Neutrality Proclamation

Answer 14

stated that the United States would not take sides with any European countries that were at war

Question 15

privateers

Answer 15

private ships hired by a country to attack its enemies

Question 16

Jay’s Treaty

Answer 16

settled disputes that had arisen between the United States and Great Britain in the early 1790s

Question 17

Pinckney’s Treaty

Answer 17

settled the border and trade disputes between United States and Spain

Question 18

Little Turtle

Answer 18

Miami chief who led a Native American alliance that raided settlements in the Northwest Territory, he was defeated and forced to sign the Treaty of Greenville, and he later became an advocate for peace

Question 19

Battle of Fallen Timbers

Answer 19

a battle between U.S. troops and an American Indian confederation that ended Indian efforts to halt white settlement in the Northwest Territory

Question 20

Treaty of Greenville

Answer 20

signed in 1795, it gave the United States claim to most Indian lands in the Northwest Territory

Question 21

Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 21

a protest of small farmers in Pennsylvania against new taxes on whiskey

Question 22

political parties

Answer 22

groups that help elect people and shape policies

Question 23

Federalist Party

Answer 23

founded by Alexander Hamilton. Wanted a strong federal government and supported industry and trade

Question 24

Democratic-Republican Party

Answer 24

founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. wanted to limit the federal government’s power

Question 25

XYZ affair

Answer 25

an incident in which French agents attempted to get a bribe and loans from U.S. diplomats in exchange for an agreement that French privateers would no longer attack American ships. It led to an undeclared naval war between the two countries.

Question 26

Alien and Sedition Acts

Answer 26

laws passed by a Federalist-dominated Congress aimed at protecting the government from treasonous ideas, actions, and people

Question 27

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

Answer 27

Republican documents that argued that the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional