Chapter 2 Vocab Flashcards
a device that enabled navigators to learn their ship’s location by charting the position of the stars
astrolabe
ships that used triangular sails that, unlike traditional square sails, allowed ships to sail against the wind
caravels
boundary between Spanish and Portuguese territories in the New World. Spain could claim any land to the west of this boundary
line of demarcation
a treaty between Spain and Portugal that moved the Line of Demarcation
Treaty of Tordesillas
to travel all the way around the globe
circumnavigate
the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe, Asia, and Africa
Columbian Exchange
a Spanish soldier and explorer who led military expeditions in the Americas and captured land for Spain
conquistadors
a system in Spanish America that gave settlers the right to tax local Indians or to demand their labor in exchange for protecting them and converting them to Christianity
encomienda system
a large farm that usually specialized in growing one kind of crop for profit
plantation
a religious movement begun by Martin Luther and others in 1517 to reform the Catholic Church
Protestant Reformation
reformers who protested certain practices of the Catholic Church
Protestants
a large Spanish fleet defeated by England in 1588
Spanish Armada
a nonexistent path through North America that early explorers searched for that would allow ships to sail from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean
Northwest Passage
an official document that gives a person the right to establish a colony
charter
having a natural resistance to disease
immune
a voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies
Middle Passage
the population of displaced Africans and their descendants around the world
African Diaspora
