Chapter 3 The English Colonies

Question 1

Southern Colonies

Answer 1

Maryland
Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia

Question 2

New England Colonies

Answer 2

Connecticut
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island

Question 3

Middle Colonies

Answer 3

New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Delaware

Question 4

Jamestown

Answer 4

the first colony in America set up in 1607 along the James River in Virginia

Question 5

John Smith

Answer 5

English colonist to the Americas who helped found the Jamestown colony and encouraged settlers to work harder and build better housing

Question 6

Pocahontas

Answer 6

American Indian princess who saved the life of John Smith when he was captured and sentenced to death by the Powhatan. She was later taken prisoner by the English, converted to Christianity, and married colonist John Rolfe.

Question 7

indentured servant

Answer 7

a colonist who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years.

Question 8

Bacon’s Rebellion

Answer 8

an attack led by Nathaniel Bacon against American Indians and the colonial government in Virginia

Question 9

Toleration Act of 1649

Answer 9

Maryland law that made restricting the rights of Christians a crime. The first law guaranteeing religious freedom to be passed in America

Question 10

Olaudah Equiano

Answer 10

African American abolitionist. He was an enslaved African who was eventually freed and became a leader of the abolitionist movement

Question 11

slave codes

Answer 11

laws passed in the colonies to control slaves

Question 12

Puritans

Answer 12

Protestants who wanted to reform the Church of England

Question 13

Pilgrim

Answer 13

a member of a Puritan Separatist sect that left England in the early 1600s to settle in the Americas

Question 14

immigrants

Answer 14

people who move to another country after leaving his homeland

Question 15

Mayflower Compact

Answer 15

a document written by the Pilgrims establishing themselves as a political society and setting guidelines for self-government

Question 16

Squanto

Answer 16

Patuxet Indian who was captured and enslaved in Spain but later escaped to England and then America. He taught the Pilgrims farming methods and helped them establish relations with the Wampanoag.

Question 17

John Winthrop

Answer 17

leader of the Massachusetts Bay Colony who led Puritan colonists to Massachusetts to establish an ideal Christian community. He later became the colony’s first governor.

Question 18

Anne Hutchinson

Answer 18

Puritan leader who angered other Puritans by claiming that people’s relationship to God did not need guidance from ministers.

Question 19

Peter Stuyvesant

Answer 19

director general of the Dutch New Netherland colony. He was forced to surrender New Netherland to the English

Question 20

Quakers

Answer 20

Society of Friends. Protestant sect founded in 1640s in England whose members believed that salvation was available to all people

Question 21

William Penn

Answer 21

Quaker leader who founded a colony for Quakers in Pennsylvania. The colony provided an important example of representative self-government and became a model of freedom and tolerance

Question 22

staple crop

Answer 22

a crop that is continuously in demand

Question 23

town meeting

Answer 23

a political meeting at which people make decisions on local issues. used primarily in New England

Question 24

English Bill of Rights

Answer 24

a shift of political power from the British monarchy to Parliament

Question 25

triangular trade

Answer 25

trading networks in which goods and slaves moved among England, the America colonies, and Africa

Question 26

Middle Passage

Answer 26

a voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies

Question 27

Jonathan Edwards

Answer 27

important and influential revivalist leader in the Great Awakening religious movement. He gave dramatic sermons on the choice between salvation and damnation

Question 28

Great Awakening

Answer 28

a religious movement that became widespread in the American colonies in the 1730s and 1740s

Question 29

Enlightenment

Answer 29

the Age of Reason, a movement that began in Europe in the 1700s as people began examining the natural world, society, and government

Question 30

John Locke

Answer 30

English philosopher during the Enlightenment who argued that there was a social contract between people and their government. His ideas influenced the writers of the Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution

Question 31

Pontiac

Answer 31

Ottawa chief who united the Great Lakes’ Indians to try to halt the advance of European settlements. He attacked British forts in a rebellion known as Pontiac’s Rebellion.

Question 32

Samuel Adams

Answer 32

American revolutionary who led the agitation that led to the Boston Tea Party. He signed the Declaration of Independence

Question 33

Committees of Correspondence

Answer 33

committees created by the Massachusetts House of Representatives in the 1760s to help towns and colonies share information about resisting British laws

Question 34

Stamp Act of 1765

Answer 34

a law passed by Parliament that raised tax money by requiring colonists to pay for an official stamp whenever they bought paper items such as newspapers, licenses, and legal documents

Question 35

Boston Massacre

Answer 35

an incident in which British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists, killing five people

Question 36

Tea Act

Answer 36

a law passed by Parliament allowing the British East India Company to sell its low-cost tea directly to the colonies, undermining colonial tea merchants; led to the Boston Tea Party

Question 37

Boston Tea Party

Answer 37

a protest against the Tea Act in which a group of colonists boarded British tea ships and dumped more than 340 chests of tea into Boston Harbor

Question 38

Intolerable Acts

Answer 38

laws passed by Parliament to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party and to tighten government control of the colonies

Question 39

Quartering Act

Answer 39

one of the Coercive or Intolerable Acts that helped fan the flames of revolution in the English colonies. It required each colonist to provide a place in their house for British soldiers

Question 40

New laws passed by the British government

Answer 40

Sugar Act
Stamp Act of 1765
Townsend Acts
Tea Act
Coercive Acts (aka Intolerable Acts)
Quartering Act