Chapter 3 The English Colonies Flashcards
Southern Colonies
Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia
New England Colonies
Connecticut
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Middle Colonies
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Delaware
Jamestown
the first colony in America set up in 1607 along the James River in Virginia
John Smith
English colonist to the Americas who helped found the Jamestown colony and encouraged settlers to work harder and build better housing
Pocahontas
American Indian princess who saved the life of John Smith when he was captured and sentenced to death by the Powhatan. She was later taken prisoner by the English, converted to Christianity, and married colonist John Rolfe.
indentured servant
a colonist who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years.
Bacon’s Rebellion
an attack led by Nathaniel Bacon against American Indians and the colonial government in Virginia
Toleration Act of 1649
Maryland law that made restricting the rights of Christians a crime. The first law guaranteeing religious freedom to be passed in America
Olaudah Equiano
African American abolitionist. He was an enslaved African who was eventually freed and became a leader of the abolitionist movement
slave codes
laws passed in the colonies to control slaves
Puritans
Protestants who wanted to reform the Church of England
Pilgrim
a member of a Puritan Separatist sect that left England in the early 1600s to settle in the Americas
immigrants
people who move to another country after leaving his homeland
Mayflower Compact
a document written by the Pilgrims establishing themselves as a political society and setting guidelines for self-government
Squanto
Patuxet Indian who was captured and enslaved in Spain but later escaped to England and then America. He taught the Pilgrims farming methods and helped them establish relations with the Wampanoag.
John Winthrop
leader of the Massachusetts Bay Colony who led Puritan colonists to Massachusetts to establish an ideal Christian community. He later became the colony’s first governor.
Anne Hutchinson
Puritan leader who angered other Puritans by claiming that people’s relationship to God did not need guidance from ministers.
Peter Stuyvesant
director general of the Dutch New Netherland colony. He was forced to surrender New Netherland to the English
Quakers
Society of Friends. Protestant sect founded in 1640s in England whose members believed that salvation was available to all people
William Penn
Quaker leader who founded a colony for Quakers in Pennsylvania. The colony provided an important example of representative self-government and became a model of freedom and tolerance
staple crop
a crop that is continuously in demand
town meeting
a political meeting at which people make decisions on local issues. used primarily in New England
English Bill of Rights
a shift of political power from the British monarchy to Parliament
triangular trade
trading networks in which goods and slaves moved among England, the America colonies, and Africa
Middle Passage
a voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies
Jonathan Edwards
important and influential revivalist leader in the Great Awakening religious movement. He gave dramatic sermons on the choice between salvation and damnation
Great Awakening
a religious movement that became widespread in the American colonies in the 1730s and 1740s
Enlightenment
the Age of Reason, a movement that began in Europe in the 1700s as people began examining the natural world, society, and government
John Locke
English philosopher during the Enlightenment who argued that there was a social contract between people and their government. His ideas influenced the writers of the Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution
Pontiac
Ottawa chief who united the Great Lakes’ Indians to try to halt the advance of European settlements. He attacked British forts in a rebellion known as Pontiac’s Rebellion.
Samuel Adams
American revolutionary who led the agitation that led to the Boston Tea Party. He signed the Declaration of Independence
Committees of Correspondence
committees created by the Massachusetts House of Representatives in the 1760s to help towns and colonies share information about resisting British laws
Stamp Act of 1765
a law passed by Parliament that raised tax money by requiring colonists to pay for an official stamp whenever they bought paper items such as newspapers, licenses, and legal documents
Boston Massacre
an incident in which British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists, killing five people
Tea Act
a law passed by Parliament allowing the British East India Company to sell its low-cost tea directly to the colonies, undermining colonial tea merchants; led to the Boston Tea Party
Boston Tea Party
a protest against the Tea Act in which a group of colonists boarded British tea ships and dumped more than 340 chests of tea into Boston Harbor
Intolerable Acts
laws passed by Parliament to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party and to tighten government control of the colonies
Quartering Act
one of the Coercive or Intolerable Acts that helped fan the flames of revolution in the English colonies. It required each colonist to provide a place in their house for British soldiers
New laws passed by the British government
Sugar Act Stamp Act of 1765 Townsend Acts Tea Act Coercive Acts (aka Intolerable Acts) Quartering Act
