Chapter 1 The World before the Opening of the Atlantic Flashcards
land bridge that once connected what is now Alaska with Siberia
Bering Land Bridge
the first Americans who crossed from Asia into North America sometime between 38000 and 10000 BC
Paleo-Indians
the movement of people from one region to another
migration
a person who hunts animals and gathers wild plants to provide for his or her needs
hunter-gatherer
the climate and landscape that surrounds living things
environment
the common values and traditions of a society, such as language, government, and family relationships
culture
aboveground houses made of heavy clay called adobe that were built by Native Americans of the southwestern US
pueblos
underground ceremonial chambers at the center of Anasazi communities
kivas
images of ancestors or animal spirits; often carved onto tall, wooden poles by Native America peoples of the Pacific Northwest
totem
cone-shaped shelters made of buffalo skins used by Native Americans in the Plains region
teepees
related to ancestry traced through the maternal or mother’s line
matrilineal
a political confederation of five northeastern Native American nations of the Seneca, Oneida, Mohawk, Cayuga, and Onondaga that made decisions concerning war and peace
Iroquois League
a group of people from northern Africa
Berbers
Emperor of Mali, grandson or grandnephew of Sundiata, made pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324
Mansa Musa
a pilgrimage to Mecca made by devout Muslims
hajj
buildings used for Muslim prayer
mosques
Songhai ruler, he overthrew Sunni Baru. Originally named Muhammad Ture
Askia the Great
Greek philosopher and teacher who wanted to make people question their own beliefs and think for themselves
Socrates
Greek philosopher, student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle. Wrote the Republic
Plato
Greek philosopher, he thought that people should live in moderation and use reason
Aristotle
clear and ordered thinking
reason
a government in which people rule themselves
democracy
warriors who fought on horseback in return for land from nobles
knights
a series of plagues that killed about 25 million people in Europe starting in 1347
Black Death
Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet
Michelangelo
Italian painter, sculptor, architect, engineer, scientist, and inventor
Leonardo da Vinci
German inventor credited with the invention of the movable-type printing press
Johannes Gutenberg
a business formed by a group of people who jointly make an investment and share in the profits and losses
joint-stock company
