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Rice Medical Terminology > Chapter 7: Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Contractility

A

Allows muscles to change shape to become shorter and thicker

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2
Q

Extensibility

A

Living muscles cells can be stretched and extended, becoming longer and thinner

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3
Q

Excitability

A

Muscles receive and respond to stimulation

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4
Q

Elasticity

A

Once a stretching force is removed, a living muscle cell returns to its original shape

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5
Q

Origin (muscle)

A

The more fixed attachment of the muscle to the stationary bone

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6
Q

Insertion (muscle)

A

Point of attachment if a muscle to the bone that it moves

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7
Q

Antagonist

A

Muscle that counteracts the action of another muscle; when one contracts, the other relaxes

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8
Q

Prime mover/agonist

A

Muscle that is primary in a given movement; the movement is produced by its contraction

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9
Q

Synergist

A

Muscle that acts with another muscle to produce and assist movement

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10
Q

Skeletal muscles

A

Aka striated or voluntary

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11
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Involuntary , unstriated, visceral

Not controlled by the conscious part of the brain

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12
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Involuntary, striated; Muscle of the heart, cardiac muscle (myocardium). Under control of autonomic nervous system

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13
Q

Aponeurosis

A

A strong, flat sheet (tendon) of fibrous connective tissue that serves as a tendon to attach muscles to bone or as fascia to bend muscles together or to other tissues at their origin or insertion

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14
Q

Ataxia

A

Lack of muscular coordination, an inability to coordinate voluntary muscular movements that is symptomatic of some nervous disorders

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15
Q

Atonic

A

Pertaining to a lack of normal tone or tension; the lack of normal muscle tone

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16
Q

Atrophy

A

Literally means ‘a lack of nourishment’; wasting away if muscular tissue that may be caused by lack of use or lack of nerve stimulation of the muscle.

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17
Q

Biceps

A

Muscle with two heads or points of origin

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18
Q

Brachialgia

A

Pain in the arm

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19
Q

Bradykinesia

A

Slowness of motion or movement

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20
Q

Clonic

A

Pertaining to alternate contraction and relaxation of muscles

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21
Q

Contraction

A

Process of drawing up and thickening of a muscle fiber

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22
Q

Contracture

A

Condition in which a muscle shortens and renders the muscle resistant to the normal stretching process

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23
Q

Dactylospasm

A

Medical term for cramp of a finger or toe

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24
Q

Dermatomyositis

A

Acute or chronic disease with systemic pathology; inflammation of the muscles and the skin; a connective tissue disease characterized by edema, dermatitis, and inflammation of the muscles. Occurs in children and adults, and in the latter may be associated with neoplastic disease (cancer) or other disorders of connective tissue.

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25
Diaphragm
Partition of muscles and membranes that separates the chest cavity and the abdominal cavity. It is the major muscle of breathing
26
Diathermy
Treatment using high-frequency current to produce heat within a part of the body; used to increase blood flow but should not be used in acute stage of recovery from trauma
27
Dystonia
Condition of impaired muscle tone
28
Dystrophin
Protein found in muscle cells. When the gene that is responsible for this protein is defective and sufficient dystrophin is not produced, muscle wasting occurs.
29
Dystrophy
Any condition of abnormal development caused by defective nourishment, often noted by the degeneration of muscles
30
Exercise
Performed activity of the muscles for improvement of health or correction of deformity
31
Fascia
Thin layer of connective tissue covering, supporting, or connecting the muscles or inner organs of the body
32
Fasciitis
Inflammation of a fascia
33
Fatigue
State of tiredness occurring in a muscle as a result of repeated contraction
34
Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS)
Disorder with chronic, widespread musculoskeletal (MS) pain and fatigue. Other symptoms include sleep disorders, irritable bowel syndrome, depression, and chronic headaches. Although the exact cause of fibromyalgia is unknown, it is often traced to an injury or physical or emotional trauma
35
Fibromyitis
Inflammation of muscle and fibrous tissue; also known as fibromyositis
36
First Aid Treatment- RICE (Rest Ice Compression Elevation
Cryotherapy (use of cold) Compression Elevation
37
Flaccid
Lacking muscle tone; weak, soft, flabby
38
Heat
Thermotherapy; treatment using scientific application of heat can be used 48-72 hours after the injury.
39
Hydrotherapy
Treatment using scientific application of water
40
Insertion
Point of attachment and d a muscle to the part that it moves
41
Intramuscular (IM)
Pertaining to WITHIN a muscle, such as an IM injection
42
Isometric
Literally means ‘pertaining to having equal measure’; increasing tension of muscle while maintaining equal length
43
Isotonic
Pertaining to having the same tone or tension
44
Levator
Muscle that raises or elevates a part
45
Muscle spasm
Involuntary contraction of one or more muscles; usually accompanied by pain and the limitation of function
46
Muscular dystrophy (MD)
Refers to a a group of genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal or voluntary muscles that control movement. The muscles of the heart and some other involuntary muscles are also affected in some forms of MD, and a few forms involve other organs as well.
47
Myalgia
Pain in the muscle
48
Myasthenia gravis (MG)
Chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by varying degrees of weakness of the skeletal (voluntary) muscles of the body. Name literally means grave muscle weakness.
49
Myoblast
Embryonic cell that develops into a cell of muscle fiber
50
Myofibroma
Tumor that contains muscle and fiber
51
Myograph
Instrument used to record muscular contractions
52
Myokinesis
Muscular motion or activity
53
Myoma
Tumor containing muscle tissue
54
Myomalacia
Softening of muscle tissue
55
Myoparesis
Weakness or slight paralysis of a muscle
56
Myopathy
Muscle disease
57
Myoplasty
Surgical repair of a muscle
58
Myorrhaphy
Surgical suture of a muscle wound
59
Myosarcoma
Malignant tumor derived from muscle tissues
60
Myosclerosis
Abnormal condition of hardening of muscle
61
Myositis
Inflammation of muscle tissue, especially skeletal muscles; may be caused by infection, trauma, or parasitic infestation
62
Myospasm
Spasmodic contraction of a muscle
63
Myotome
Surgical instrument used to cut muscle
64
Myotomy
Surgical incision into a muscle
65
Neuromuscular
Pertaining to both nerves and muscles
66
Neuromyopathic
Pertaining to a disease condition involving both nerves and muscles
67
Polyplegia
Paralysis affecting many muscles
68
Position
Bodily posture or attitude 1) Anatomic 2) Dorsal recumbent 3) Fowler 4) Knee-Chest 5) lithotomy 6) orthopneic 7) prone 8) Sims 9) supine 10) Trendelenburg
69
Prosthesis
Artificial device used to replace an organ or body part such as a hand, arm, leg, or hip.
70
Quadriceps
Muscle that has four heads or points of origin
71
Relaxation
Process in which a muscle loosens and returns to a resting stage
72
Rhabdomyoma
Tumor of striated muscle tissue
73
Rheumatism
General term of sed to describe conditions characterized by inflammation, soreness, and stiffness is muscles and pain in joints
74
Rheumatology
Study of rheumatic diseases
75
Rheumatologist
One who specializes in rheumatic diseases
76
Rigor mortis
Stiffness is skeletal muscles seen in death; develops between the 4th and 24th hour after death, then ceases
77
Rotation
Process of moving a body part around a central access
78
Rotator cuff
Group of muscles and their tendons that act to stabilize the shoulder
79
Sarcolemma
Plasma membrane surrounding each striated muscle fiber
80
Spasticity
Condition of increased muscular tone causing stuff and awkward movements
81
Sternocleidomastoid
Muscle arising from the sternum and clavicle with its insertion in the mastoid process
82
Strain
Excessive, forcible stretching of a muscle or the musculotendinous unit
83
Synergetic
Pertaining to certain muscles that work together
84
Synovitis
Inflammation of a synovial membrane
85
Tendon
Band of fibrous connective tissue serving for the attachment of muscles to bones; a giant cell tumor of a tendon sheath is a benign, small, yellow, tumorlike nodule
86
Tenodesis
Surgical binding of a tendon
87
Tenodynia
Pain in a tendon
88
Tetany
Condition characterized by cramps, convulsion, twitching of the muscles, and sharp flexion of the wrist and ankle joints; generally caused by an abnormality in calcium (Ca) metabolism
89
Tonic
Pertaining to tone, especially muscular tension
90
Torsion
Process of being twisted
91
Torticollis
Stiff neck caused by spasmodic contraction of the muscles of the neck; sometimes called wryneck
92
Triceps
Muscle having three heads with a single insertion
93
Voluntary
Under the control of one’s will

Rice Medical Terminology (27 decks)

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