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Rice Medical Terminology > Chapter 7: Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Vocab Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Contractility

A

Allows muscles to change shape to become shorter and thicker

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2
Q

Extensibility

A

Living muscles cells can be stretched and extended, becoming longer and thinner

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3
Q

Excitability

A

Muscles receive and respond to stimulation

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4
Q

Elasticity

A

Once a stretching force is removed, a living muscle cell returns to its original shape

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5
Q

Origin (muscle)

A

The more fixed attachment of the muscle to the stationary bone

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6
Q

Insertion (muscle)

A

Point of attachment if a muscle to the bone that it moves

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7
Q

Antagonist

A

Muscle that counteracts the action of another muscle; when one contracts, the other relaxes

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8
Q

Prime mover/agonist

A

Muscle that is primary in a given movement; the movement is produced by its contraction

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9
Q

Synergist

A

Muscle that acts with another muscle to produce and assist movement

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10
Q

Skeletal muscles

A

Aka striated or voluntary

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11
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Involuntary , unstriated, visceral

Not controlled by the conscious part of the brain

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12
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Involuntary, striated; Muscle of the heart, cardiac muscle (myocardium). Under control of autonomic nervous system

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13
Q

Aponeurosis

A

A strong, flat sheet (tendon) of fibrous connective tissue that serves as a tendon to attach muscles to bone or as fascia to bend muscles together or to other tissues at their origin or insertion

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14
Q

Ataxia

A

Lack of muscular coordination, an inability to coordinate voluntary muscular movements that is symptomatic of some nervous disorders

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15
Q

Atonic

A

Pertaining to a lack of normal tone or tension; the lack of normal muscle tone

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16
Q

Atrophy

A

Literally means ‘a lack of nourishment’; wasting away if muscular tissue that may be caused by lack of use or lack of nerve stimulation of the muscle.

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17
Q

Biceps

A

Muscle with two heads or points of origin

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18
Q

Brachialgia

A

Pain in the arm

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19
Q

Bradykinesia

A

Slowness of motion or movement

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20
Q

Clonic

A

Pertaining to alternate contraction and relaxation of muscles

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21
Q

Contraction

A

Process of drawing up and thickening of a muscle fiber

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22
Q

Contracture

A

Condition in which a muscle shortens and renders the muscle resistant to the normal stretching process

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23
Q

Dactylospasm

A

Medical term for cramp of a finger or toe

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24
Q

Dermatomyositis

A

Acute or chronic disease with systemic pathology; inflammation of the muscles and the skin; a connective tissue disease characterized by edema, dermatitis, and inflammation of the muscles. Occurs in children and adults, and in the latter may be associated with neoplastic disease (cancer) or other disorders of connective tissue.

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25
Q

Diaphragm

A

Partition of muscles and membranes that separates the chest cavity and the abdominal cavity. It is the major muscle of breathing

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26
Q

Diathermy

A

Treatment using high-frequency current to produce heat within a part of the body; used to increase blood flow but should not be used in acute stage of recovery from trauma

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27
Q

Dystonia

A

Condition of impaired muscle tone

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28
Q

Dystrophin

A

Protein found in muscle cells. When the gene that is responsible for this protein is defective and sufficient dystrophin is not produced, muscle wasting occurs.

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29
Q

Dystrophy

A

Any condition of abnormal development caused by defective nourishment, often noted by the degeneration of muscles

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30
Q

Exercise

A

Performed activity of the muscles for improvement of health or correction of deformity

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31
Q

Fascia

A

Thin layer of connective tissue covering, supporting, or connecting the muscles or inner organs of the body

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32
Q

Fasciitis

A

Inflammation of a fascia

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33
Q

Fatigue

A

State of tiredness occurring in a muscle as a result of repeated contraction

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34
Q

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS)

A

Disorder with chronic, widespread musculoskeletal (MS) pain and fatigue. Other symptoms include sleep disorders, irritable bowel syndrome, depression, and chronic headaches. Although the exact cause of fibromyalgia is unknown, it is often traced to an injury or physical or emotional trauma

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35
Q

Fibromyitis

A

Inflammation of muscle and fibrous tissue; also known as fibromyositis

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36
Q

First Aid Treatment- RICE (Rest Ice Compression Elevation

A

Cryotherapy (use of cold)
Compression
Elevation

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37
Q

Flaccid

A

Lacking muscle tone; weak, soft, flabby

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38
Q

Heat

A

Thermotherapy; treatment using scientific application of heat can be used 48-72 hours after the injury.

39
Q

Hydrotherapy

A

Treatment using scientific application of water

40
Q

Insertion

A

Point of attachment and d a muscle to the part that it moves

41
Q

Intramuscular (IM)

A

Pertaining to WITHIN a muscle, such as an IM injection

42
Q

Isometric

A

Literally means ‘pertaining to having equal measure’; increasing tension of muscle while maintaining equal length

43
Q

Isotonic

A

Pertaining to having the same tone or tension

44
Q

Levator

A

Muscle that raises or elevates a part

45
Q

Muscle spasm

A

Involuntary contraction of one or more muscles; usually accompanied by pain and the limitation of function

46
Q

Muscular dystrophy (MD)

A

Refers to a a group of genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal or voluntary muscles that control movement. The muscles of the heart and some other involuntary muscles are also affected in some forms of MD, and a few forms involve other organs as well.

47
Q

Myalgia

A

Pain in the muscle

48
Q

Myasthenia gravis (MG)

A

Chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by varying degrees of weakness of the skeletal (voluntary) muscles of the body. Name literally means grave muscle weakness.

49
Q

Myoblast

A

Embryonic cell that develops into a cell of muscle fiber

50
Q

Myofibroma

A

Tumor that contains muscle and fiber

51
Q

Myograph

A

Instrument used to record muscular contractions

52
Q

Myokinesis

A

Muscular motion or activity

53
Q

Myoma

A

Tumor containing muscle tissue

54
Q

Myomalacia

A

Softening of muscle tissue

55
Q

Myoparesis

A

Weakness or slight paralysis of a muscle

56
Q

Myopathy

A

Muscle disease

57
Q

Myoplasty

A

Surgical repair of a muscle

58
Q

Myorrhaphy

A

Surgical suture of a muscle wound

59
Q

Myosarcoma

A

Malignant tumor derived from muscle tissues

60
Q

Myosclerosis

A

Abnormal condition of hardening of muscle

61
Q

Myositis

A

Inflammation of muscle tissue, especially skeletal muscles; may be caused by infection, trauma, or parasitic infestation

62
Q

Myospasm

A

Spasmodic contraction of a muscle

63
Q

Myotome

A

Surgical instrument used to cut muscle

64
Q

Myotomy

A

Surgical incision into a muscle

65
Q

Neuromuscular

A

Pertaining to both nerves and muscles

66
Q

Neuromyopathic

A

Pertaining to a disease condition involving both nerves and muscles

67
Q

Polyplegia

A

Paralysis affecting many muscles

68
Q

Position

A

Bodily posture or attitude

1) Anatomic
2) Dorsal recumbent
3) Fowler
4) Knee-Chest
5) lithotomy
6) orthopneic
7) prone
8) Sims
9) supine
10) Trendelenburg

69
Q

Prosthesis

A

Artificial device used to replace an organ or body part such as a hand, arm, leg, or hip.

70
Q

Quadriceps

A

Muscle that has four heads or points of origin

71
Q

Relaxation

A

Process in which a muscle loosens and returns to a resting stage

72
Q

Rhabdomyoma

A

Tumor of striated muscle tissue

73
Q

Rheumatism

A

General term of sed to describe conditions characterized by inflammation, soreness, and stiffness is muscles and pain in joints

74
Q

Rheumatology

A

Study of rheumatic diseases

75
Q

Rheumatologist

A

One who specializes in rheumatic diseases

76
Q

Rigor mortis

A

Stiffness is skeletal muscles seen in death; develops between the 4th and 24th hour after death, then ceases

77
Q

Rotation

A

Process of moving a body part around a central access

78
Q

Rotator cuff

A

Group of muscles and their tendons that act to stabilize the shoulder

79
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Plasma membrane surrounding each striated muscle fiber

80
Q

Spasticity

A

Condition of increased muscular tone causing stuff and awkward movements

81
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Muscle arising from the sternum and clavicle with its insertion in the mastoid process

82
Q

Strain

A

Excessive, forcible stretching of a muscle or the musculotendinous unit

83
Q

Synergetic

A

Pertaining to certain muscles that work together

84
Q

Synovitis

A

Inflammation of a synovial membrane

85
Q

Tendon

A

Band of fibrous connective tissue serving for the attachment of muscles to bones; a giant cell tumor of a tendon sheath is a benign, small, yellow, tumorlike nodule

86
Q

Tenodesis

A

Surgical binding of a tendon

87
Q

Tenodynia

A

Pain in a tendon

88
Q

Tetany

A

Condition characterized by cramps, convulsion, twitching of the muscles, and sharp flexion of the wrist and ankle joints; generally caused by an abnormality in calcium (Ca) metabolism

89
Q

Tonic

A

Pertaining to tone, especially muscular tension

90
Q

Torsion

A

Process of being twisted

91
Q

Torticollis

A

Stiff neck caused by spasmodic contraction of the muscles of the neck; sometimes called wryneck

92
Q

Triceps

A

Muscle having three heads with a single insertion

93
Q

Voluntary

A

Under the control of one’s will

Rice Medical Terminology (27 decks)

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