Chapter 7 - Ventilation, Perfusion, and Shock: Understanding Pathophysiology

Question 1

The process of converting glucose and other nutrients into the form of ATP is called:

Answer 1

metabolism.

Question 2

Important chemicals in the body that separate into charged particles when dissolved in water are called:

Answer 2

electrolytes.

Question 3

The process of metabolism that uses oxygen is called:

Answer 3

aerobic metabolism.

Question 4

The fraction of the concentration of oxygen in the air that people breathe is called:

Answer 4

FiO2

Question 5

An airway that is open to allow air to move in and out is called:

Answer 5

patent.

Question 6

The volume of air that is moved in and out during one breathing cycle is called:

Answer 6

tidal volume.

Question 7

The air inside the space between the mouth and the lungs is called the:

Answer 7

dead air space.

Question 8

Specific receptors in the brain and vessels that register oxygen and carbon dioxide levels are called:

Answer 8

chemoreceptors.

Question 9

The force exerted by proteins in the blood that tends to attract water away from the area around the body cells and pulls it toward the bloodstream is called:

Answer 9

plasma oncotic pressure.

Question 10

Pressure created inside the blood vessels that pushes fluid out of the vessels is called:

Answer 10

hydrostatic pressure.

Question 11

Specialized cells that measure the pressure inside blood vessels are called:

Answer 11

stretch receptors.

Question 12

The amount of blood that returns to the heart prior to contraction is called:

Answer 12

preload.

Question 13

The amount of blood moved by the heart in one minute is called:

Answer 13

cardiac output.

Question 14

Hypoperfusion is another name for:

Answer 14

shock.

Question 15

An exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance is called:

Answer 15

hypersensitivity.

Question 16

__________ __________ is the use of oxygen to break down sugar to make ATP.

Answer 16

Aerobic metabolism

Question 17

__________ are receptors in the brain and vessels that measure the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Answer 17

Chemoreceptors

Question 18

__________ is the definition of shock.

Answer 18

Shock

Question 19

The amount of air moved by the lungs in one minute is called the ___________ _________.

Answer 19

minute volume

Question 20

__________ is the degree to which fluid and substances can pass through the capillary walls.

Answer 20

Permeability

Question 21

Afterload is a function of __________ __________ __________ .

Answer 21

systemic vascular resistance

Question 22

Cardiac output is defined as __________ __________ times __________ __________.

Answer 22

stroke volume, heart rate

Question 23

Fluids reside in the body in the __________ __________ and __________ spacces.

Answer 23

intravascular, intracellular, interstitial

Question 24

The force of the contraction of the heart is known as __________

Answer 24

contractility

Question 25

When either perfusion or ventilation is not adequate to supply the body, it is called a __________ __________.

Answer 25

V /Q mismatch

Question 26

An abnormal decrease in the total amount of water in the body is called __________

Answer 26

dehydration

Question 27

Swelling associated with the movement of water is called __________

Answer 27

edema

Question 28

The most common digestive disorders are __________ and __________.

Answer 28

nausea; vomiting

Question 29

Hypersensitivity is more commonly known as a(n) __________ __________.

Answer 29

allergic reaction

Question 30

The __________ __________ __________ plays a major role in the regulation of the dilation and constriction of blood vessels.

Answer 30

autonomic nervous system

Question 31

T/F: Hyperperfusion is synonymous with shock.

Answer 31

False

Question 32

T/F: Preload is a function of systemic vascular resistance.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

T/F: Dead air space is the air found at the bottom of the lungs

Answer 33

False

Question 34

T/F: Tidal volume is the amount of air moved in one minute.

Answer 34

False

Question 35

T/F: The concentration of oxygen in the air that a person breathes in is called the fraction of inspired oxygen.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

T/F: Contractility refers to the force of the contraction of the heart.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

T/F: Seventy percent of the water in the body is found in the interstitial space.

Answer 37

False

Question 38

T/F: An allergic reaction to a substance is also known as hypersensitivity.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

T/F: Swelling caused by the accumulation of fluid where it should not be is called
dehydration.

Answer 39

False

Question 40

T/F: The body metabolizes sugar to produce chemoreceptors.

Answer 40

False