Chapter 7 Trauma and Dissociation Flashcards
1) Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders 2) Dissociative disorders
What are Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders?
Disorders that develop after a stressful or traumatic life event, including childhood attachment disorders, PTSD, and acute stress disorder.
What typically leads to the development of dissociative disorders?
Frequently observed after the experience of a traumatic event.
What is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?
An emotional disorder following a trauma such as war, physical assault, car accident, natural catastrophe, or sudden death of a loved one.
What new subtype for PTSD was added describing individuals who do not necessarily react with the re-experiencing or hyperarousal characteristic of PTSD?
Dissociative subtype
What are the main symptoms of PTSD?
- Fear of re-experiencing a traumatic event
- Nightmares or flashbacks
- Avoidance of intense feelings through emotional numbing
- Acute, chronic, or delayed-onset forms.
What is a common occurrence in children with PTSD?
-Memories become embellished over the years, as it gets restored in their memory each time its remembered
-Often bed wetting and separation fears come along with this
What is considered chronic PTSD?
When PTSD continues longer than three months, it is considered chronic.
How soon after a trauma can PTSD be diagnosed?
1 month
What is similar to PTSD, occurring within the first month after the trauma?
Acute stress disorder
What percent of individuals with acute stress disorder go on to develop PTSD?
50%
What percentage of rape victims meet the criteria for PTSD at some point in their lives?
32%
What percent of Canadian adults experiencing severe auto accidents developed PTSD?
15-20%
What percent of members of the Canadian Armed Forces reported experiencing PTSD during their lifetime?
11%
(higher for those who had been deployed to Afghanistan compared with those who had not been deployed)
What percent of the population have experienced PTSD in their lifetime?
8%
True or False? Close exposure to the trauma seems to be necessary to developing PTSD.
True
What factors contribute to the development of PTSD?
- Biological, psychological, and social vulnerabilities
- Intensity and severity of trauma
- Lack of social support
- Damaged hippocampus (leads to chronic arousal)
*Genetics
What is the difference between the alarm reactions for PTSD Vs Panic Disorder?
In panic disorder the alarm is false. In PTSD, the initial alarm is true in that real danger is present.
What are common treatment methods for PTSD?
- Imaginal exposure or prolonged exposure therapy
- Coping skills
- Cognitive therapy
- Eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
- SSRIs (e.g., Prozac, Paxil).
What is the constructivist-narrative approach for treating individuals who have been traumatized?
The therapist assists clients in reconstructing their “story” about the traumatic event
True or false: early, structured interventions delivered as soon after the trauma as possible to those who require help are useful in preventing PTSD.
True
What seems to be the most efficient treatment for PTSD?
Exposure therapy
What is prolonged grief disorder?
An intense longing for and preoccupation with the deceased, leading to difficulty moving on with life even after a year or more has passed.
What are adjustment disorders?
Anxious or depressive reactions to life stress that are generally milder than in acute stress disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder but that are nevertheless impairing in terms of interfering with work or school performance, interpersonal relationships, or other areas of living.
What are attachment disorders?
Disturbed and developmentally inappropriate behaviours in children, emerging before five years of age, in which the child is unable or unwilling to form normal attachment relationships with caregiving adults.
