Chapter 7 - the Youth Crime Problem

Question 1

Refers to seemingly gender-neutral ideas, concepts, or theories that are actually male-centred.

Answer 1

Androcentric

Question 2

The commonly held proposition that children from divorced and single-parent families are more likely to be delinquent.

Answer 2

Broken Homes Hypothesis

Question 3

Operates on three levels: primary, focused on an entire population; secondary, focused specifically on those within a population who are seen to have a problem; and tertiary, focused on individuals or populations who already have serious or chronic problems.

Answer 3

Crime Prevention

Question 4

A term that differentiates between referring to a person as a “criminal” and the process whereby individuals come to be viewed as “criminal”.

Answer 4

Criminalize

Question 5

Factors correlated with delinquency, such as family, school, and peer factors.

Answer 5

Criminogenic Needs

Question 6

Refers to the idea that there is a gender gap in youth crime rates because boys and girls are affected differently by criminogenic conditions.

Answer 6

Differentially Affected

Question 7

Refers to the idea that there is a gender gap in youth crime rates because girls and boys have different exposure to criminogenic conditions.

Answer 7

Differentially Exposed

Question 8

Having to do with cause and origin.

Answer 8

Etiological

Question 9

How families are structured in terms of living arrangements (a traditional nuclear family or a single-parent family).

Answer 9

Family Structure

Question 10

A type of analysis in which the unit of analysis is the research results from other research reports.

Answer 10

Meta-Anaylsis

Question 11

In sociology and criminology, refers to theoretical approaches that focus on individuals and behaviour in small social settings rather than in the context of larger social structures.

Answer 11

Microscopic Perspective

Question 12

NLSCY Survey: National longitudinal Survey on Youth shows:

Answer 12

Parenting styles have a greater impact on youth criminality than “broken homes” and poverty.

Question 13

The mechanisms and methods whereby youth activities are socially constructed as criminal; the meanings and imagery attached to these definitions and the types of responses the generate.

Answer 13

Politics of Youth Crime

Question 14

An indirect form of aggression that is interpersonally oriented and focused on controlling relationships, in contrast to direct forms of aggression, which involve physical force.

Answer 14

Relative Aggression

Question 15

Refers to the relationships among protective factors, risk factors, and any particular outcome, such as delinquency or gang membership.

Answer 15

Resiliency

Question 16

Generally refers to one’s economic position or standing in a particular social structure or society.

Answer 16

Social Class

Question 17

School policies that group and stream students into different programs based on their performance on standardized tests.

Answer 17

Tracking

Question 18

Policies related to the intolerance of behaviour that is considered undesirable.

Answer 18

Zero-Tolerance Policies

Question 19

Crime Prevention

Answer 19

• Operates on three levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary
• Primary prevention is aimed at not allowing problems to start, secondary with stopping problems from continuing, and tertiary with controlling future problems
• Prevention tied to criminogenic needs, like family, school, &peer factors