Chapter 10 - Going to Jail Flashcards
Custodial Institutions and probation services for youth offenders in Canada.
Correctional Services
To hold an accused person in a prison or detention facility prior to a tour appearance or trial, or while awaiting sentinel sometimes also referred to as pretrial detention.
Remand
Common term for juvenile correctional institutions before the introduction of the Young Offenders Act.
Training Schools
A form of youth custody under the YOA that required more restrictions on movement, both within and outside an institution, than was required for open security.
Secure Custody
A form of youth custody under the YOA that required fewer restrictions on movement, both within and outside an institution, than was required for secure custody.
Open Custody
Requires a person under supervision to abide by particular condition set by the court (attend drug or alcohol rehabilitation programs).
Conditional Supervision Order
A sentence option created by the YCJU that is similar to “house arrest” sentences for adults.
Deferred Custody and Supervision Order
A term created by the YCJA that refers to a sentence of the court whereby a youth must serve a custody term in a facility designated as a rehabilitation institution.
Intensive Rehabilitative Custody and Supervision Order
Refers to solitary confinement. Used as a management tool in correctional institutions for protection of a prisoner (from self or others) or as punishment for institutional infractions.
Administrative Segregation
Any range of programming and services provided after a young person has completed his or her court-imposed sentence or extrajudicial measures contract.
Aftercare
The part of the justice system that is responsible for carrying out the sentence of the court and/or alternative and extrajudicial measures.
Corrections
A range of structured activities within a correctional system, designed to rehabilitate, educate, train, and otherwise facilitate a person’s reintegration into society.
Correctional Programming
The behavioural, emotional, and philosophical skill set that one acquires to enable functioning int he social world.
Life Skills
In the field of corrections, refers to the ability of people to develop cognitive solutions to their problems rather than to react emotionally and physically.
Cognitive Skills
In the corrections system, a place of confinement where programming follows a militaristic regime.
Boot Camp
Rehabilitative programs based on assumptions of correcting individual pathologies.
Rehabilitative Treatment
A correctional philosophy based on the belief that appropriate treatment programs can reform or change an individual.
Rehabilitation
A form of rehabilitative integration that confuses on the entire family, not just on an individual.
Multi Systematic Therapy
Unlike intellectual deficiency, LD refers to a number of disorders that may affect the acquisition, organization, retention, understanding, or use of verbal or non-verbal information.
Learning Disability (LD)
Sentences that are not absolute or definite.
Indeterminate Sentences
Sentences with a stated minimum or maximum term.
Determinate Sentences
the Problem of Custody
- Admissions to custody are disproportionate
- Aboriginals account 6 percent youth population, 36 percent custodial sentences, 24 percent of admissions to probation, 27 percent of admissions to remand
- Aboriginal females are even more overrepresented than Aboriginal males
- Average cost for a youth in custody is $80,000 per year
- Community residential programs least expensive option ($8,000-$12,000) (halfway house), high-security programs most expensive (up to $126,000/year)
- In community, probation is cheapest ($700 per youth) and intensive supervision most expensive ($7,000 per youth)
Training Schools
- The practice of separating youth from adult offenders is more than 140 years old
- Started with reformatory prisons & evolved to industrial schools (or industrial training schools)
- Purpose: half of time spent in school, the remainder learning a trade
- Brown Commission 1848
- Term used for under the JDA to refer to correctional institutions.
- By the 1970s, they fell out of use in many provinces
- Instead community programs and group homes became the norm
Custody Provisions under the YCJA
- The YCJA does not see custody as a main sanction
- Diversionary programs and services used as alternative/in conjunction with custody
- Under the YCJA, all custody sentences are accompanied by a period of conditional supervision in the community
- A number of restrictions placed on youth under conditional supervision order (problematic; sets them up for failure)
- An application to have youth serve entire sentence in custody of community supervision is deemed inappropriate
