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Kinesiology > Chapter 7 - The wrist > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - The wrist Flashcards

1
Q

Order of carpal bones(dorsal view)

A

trapezium trapezoid capitate hamate

 scaphoid                 lunate      triquetrum
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2
Q

ulnar tilt

A

radius tilt at distal radioulnar joint = 25 degrees

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3
Q

palmar tilt

A

anterior and posterior tilt of 10 degrees at distal radioulnar joint

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4
Q

transverse carpal ligament

A
  • attaches to trapezium and scaphoid tubercle

- also hamate and pisiform

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5
Q

medial compartment of wrist

A

triquetrum and lunate

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6
Q

midcarpal joint

A 
proximal = triquetrum, lunate, scaphoid
distal = hamate, capitate
convex = hamate, capitate, trapezoid
concave = triquetrum, lunate, scaphoid
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7
Q

lateral compartment of wrist

A

trapezium and trapezoid

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8
Q

ligament preventing medial slide

A

dorsal radiocarpal ligament

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9
Q

triangular fibrocartilage complex

A

1) ulnar collateral ligament
2) palmar ulnocarpal ligament
3) articular disc

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10
Q

osteokinematics of wrist joint

A

2 degrees of freedom

  • flexion/extension
  • ulnar/radial deviation
  • slight rotation but not enough
  • circumduction = a combination of above
  • axis = through capitate
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11
Q

ROM of wrist

A
  • flexion = 0 - 85 degrees
  • extension = 0 - 75 degrees
  • flexion > extension by 10-15 degrees
    • based on palmar tilt of radius
  • ulnar deviation = 0-40 degrees
    • ulnar tilt of radius
  • radial deviation = 0-20 degrees
    • ulnar deviation usually x2 radial deviation
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12
Q

ROM necessary for functional ADL’s

A
  • flexion = 40 degrees
  • extension = 40 degrees
  • radial deviation = 10 degrees
  • ulnar deviation = 30 degrees
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13
Q

advantage of wrist being a double-joint system

A

allows less movement per joint which makes for more stable joints
- less susceptible to injury

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14
Q

wrist close-packed position

A

full extension

  • extension elongates palm radiocarpal ligaments
  • extension used in weightbearing activities of UE(crawling, catching self from fall)
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15
Q

radial deviation

A

carpus impinges against radial styloid process

  • higher percentage of movement occurs at midcarpal joint than radiocarpal joint
  • proximal row of carpals flexes slightly(rocking movement)
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16
Q

ulnar deviation

A

proximal row of carpals extends slightly(rocking movement)

17
Q

wrist extension

A

convex-on-concave

  • capitate = rolls posterior, slide anterior
  • lunate slide
18
Q

wrist flexion

A

convex-on-concave

  • capitate = roll anterior, slide posterior
  • lunate = slide posterior
19
Q

ulnar deviation

A

capitate = roll medially, slide lateral

triquetrum, lunate, scaphoid = roll medially

20
Q

radial deviation

A

capitate = roll laterally, slide medially

triquetrum, lunate, scaphoid = roll laterally

21
Q

rotational collapse of the wrist

A

wrist is made up of a mobile proximal row wedged between two rigid structures: forearm and distal row of carpal bones

  • lunate is most frequently dislocated(dependent on ligaments for stability)
  • scaphoid most often fractured
22
Q

ulnar translocation of the carpus

A
  • distal radius is angled 25 degrees in ulnar tilt
  • natural tendency for carpus to slide in ulnar direction
  • wrist pathology may make wrist yield to these forces resulting in deformity and altered mechanics
23
Q

primary wrist extensors

A

extensor carpi radialis longus = base of 2nd MC
extensor carpi radialis brevis = base of 3rd MC
extensor carpi ulnaris = base of 5th MC

24
Q

secondary wrist extensors

A

extensor digitorum
extensor indicis
extensor digiti minimi
extensor pollicis longus

25
Q

extensor retinaculum

A
  • prevents “bowstringing” of tendons

- helps stabilize dorsal side of wrist joint

26
Q

maximal grip

A

occurs at 30 degrees extension

- optimal length/tension relationship of wrist flexor muscles

27
Q

Tennis elbow

A

lateral epicondylitis –> lateral epicondylagia(no inflammation)
- degeneration of the common extensor tendon
- usually from repetitive activities(commonly occupational)
- extensor muscles of the wrist
Treatment = tylenol, rest, eccentric exercises(causes irritation to cause inflammation to heal)

28
Q

primary wrist flexors

A

flexor carpi radialis
flexor carpi ulnaris
palmaris longus(present in 10%)

29
Q

secondary wrist flexors

A

flexor digitorum profundus
flexor digitorum superficialis
flexor pollicis longus

30
Q

palmar carpal ligament

A

same as extensor retinaculum

  • proximal to transverse carpal ligament
  • stabilizes tendons
  • prevents bowstringing of tendons
31
Q

flexors vs extensors

A

flexors produce the most torque because larger cross sectional area
- wrist flexors creat about 70% more isometric torque than extensors

32
Q

ulnar deviation muscles

A

extensor carpi ulnaris

flexor carpi ulnaris

33
Q

paralysis of wrist extensors

A
  • common after CVA

- need external support to keep wrist in neutral position

Kinesiology (8 decks)

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