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Kinesiology > Chapter 5 - Shoulder Complex > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Shoulder Complex Flashcards

1
Q

Shoulder Complex

A

involves the sternum, clavicle, ribs, scapula, and humerus

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2
Q

osteologic features of the sternum

A

manubrium
clavicular facets
costal facets
jugular notch

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3
Q

osteologic features of the clavicle

A 
shaft
sternal end
costal facet
costal tuberosity
acromial end
acromial facet
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4
Q

muscle attachments of the sternum

A

pectoralis major
subclavius
part of sternocleidomastoid

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5
Q

muscle attachments to the clavicle

A

pectoralis major
sternocleidomastoid
anterior deltoid
upper trapezius

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6
Q

orientation of the clavicle

A

about 20 degrees posterior to frontal plane

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7
Q

orientation of the scapula

A

deviated about 35 degrees anterior to the frontal plane

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8
Q

retroversion of the humeral head

A

about 30 degrees posterior to the medial-lateral axis at the elbow

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9
Q

attached to the coracoid process

A 
short head of biceps 
coracobrachialis
pectoralis minor
trapezoid ligament
conoid ligament
coracohumeral ligament
coracoacromial ligament
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10
Q

attachments to superior part of humerus

A

Greater tubercle = supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor
lesser tubercle = subscapularis
pectoralis major - latissimus dorsi - teres major
deltiod
coracobrachialis

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11
Q

osteologic features of the proximal-to-mid humerus

A 
head
anatomic neck
lesser tubercle
greater tubercle
facets on greater tubercle
intertubercular groove
deltoid tuberosity
radial groove
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12
Q

shaft of humerus to humeral head comparison

A

135 degree angle of inclination

30 degree retroversion of the humeral head relative to the distal humerus

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13
Q

Primary movements of scapulothoracic joint

A

elevation & depression
protraction & retraction
upward & downward rotation

(pictures pg. 14 Ch 5)

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14
Q

Movements of the sternoclavicular joint

A

Elevation & Depression(frontal plane)
Protraction & depression(horizontal plane)
Axial rotation(sagittal plane)

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15
Q

structures stabilizing the SC joint

A

capsule
anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments
interclavicular ligament
costoclavicular ligament
articular disc
sternocleidomastoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid, subclavius

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16
Q

elevation of the clavicle

A

convex surface rolls superiorly and slides inferiorly

- costoclavicular ligament helps limit

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17
Q

depression of clavicle

A

convex surface rolls inferiorly and slides superiorly

- stretches the interclavicular ligament and superior capsule

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18
Q

retraction of clavicle

A

concave surface of clavicle rolls and slides posteriorly on the convex sternum

  • stretch anterior costoclavicular ligament and anterior capsule
  • 15-30 degrees
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19
Q

protraction of the clavicle

A

concave surface of clavicle rolls and slides anteriorly on convex surface of sternum

  • stretch posterior of costoclavicular ligament, posterior capsule, scapular retractor muscles
  • 15-30 degrees
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20
Q

axial rotation of the clavicle

A

longitudinal rotation

  • occurs during shoulder abduction or flexion
  • 20-35 rotation
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21
Q

acromioclavicular joint

A

3 degrees of freedom

  • plane joint
  • upwards & downward rotation
  • horizontal plane rotational adjustments(scapula rotates)
  • sagittal plane rotational adjustments(scapula rotates anterior/posterior)
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22
Q

tissues that stabilize the AC joint

A 
superior and inferior AC joint capsular ligaments
coracoclavicular ligament(trapezoid and conoid)
     - supports weight of upper extremity
articular disc(when present)
deltoid and upper trapezius
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23
Q

upward rotation of AC joint

A

occurs as scapula swings upwardly and outwardly

  • component of shoulder abduction or flexion
  • 30 degrees
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24
Q

downward rotation of AC joint

A
  • component of shoulder adduction or extension
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25
Q

horizontal plane adjustments of the AC joint

A

evident as the medial border of the scapula pivots away and toward the posterior surface of the thorax(internal and external rotation)

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26
Q

sagittal plane adjustments of AC joint

A

medial-lateral axis

- inferior angle pivots away or toward the posterior surface of the thorax(anterior tilting and posterior tilting)

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27
Q

scapulothoracic joint

A

between anterior surface of scapula and posterior-lateral wall of thorax
- separated by subscapularis, serratus anterior, erector spinae

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28
Q

scapulathoracic elevation

A

elevation at SC joint and downward rotation at AC joint

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29
Q

scapulothoracic protration

A

protraction at SC joint and slight IR at AC joint

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30
Q

scapulothoracic retraction

A

retraction at SC joint and slight ER at AC joint

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31
Q

scapulothoracic upward rotation

A

elevation at the SC joint and upward rotation at AC joint

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32
Q

Scapulothoracic downward rotation

A

depression at SC joint and downward rotation at the AC joint

33
Q

glenohumeral joint

A

3 degrees of freedom

  • abduction and adduction(frontal)
  • flexion and extension(sagittal)
  • IR and ER(horizontal)
  • humeral head is directed medially and superiorly, as well as posteriorly(scapular plane)
34
Q

axillary pouch

A

slackened or redundant recess that is the inferior portion of the GH capsule

35
Q

subluxation

A

incomplete separation of articular surfaces, followed by spontaneous realignment

36
Q

dislocation

A

complete separation of articular surfaces without spontaneous realignment

37
Q

passive mechanisms

A

1) restraint provided by capsule, ligaments, labrum, tendons
2) mechanical support predicated on scapulothoracic posture
3) negative intrascapsular pressure

38
Q

GH ligaments

A 
superior glenohumeral ligament
middle glenohumeral ligament
inferior glenohumeral ligament
         - anterior band and posterior band
        - connected axillary pouch
39
Q

superior glenohumeral ligament

A

stretched with adduction

- inferior and anterior-posterior translations of the humeral head

40
Q

middle glenohumeral ligament

A

stretched with anterior translation

  • 45-60 degrees of abduction
  • external rotation
41
Q

inferior GH ligament(axillary pouch)

A

stretched with 90 degrees of abduction

- combined with anterior-posterior and inferior translations

42
Q

inferior GH ligament(anterior band)

A

stretched with 90 degrees of abduction

  • full ER
  • anterior translation
43
Q

inferior GH ligament(posterior band)

A

stretched with 90 degrees of abduction

- full IR

44
Q

coracohumeral ligament

A

stretched with adduction

  • inferior translation
  • ER
45
Q

rotator cuff muscles

A

subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor

46
Q

rotator interval

A

between supraspinatus and subscapularis

  • filled by tendon long head of biceps and coracohumeral ligament
  • common site for anterior dislocation
47
Q

tissues that reinforce/deepen the GH joint

A 
joint capsule and capsular ligaments
coracohumeral ligament
rotator cuff muscles
long head of biceps
glenoid labrum
48
Q

subacromial space

A

supraspinatus muscle and tendon
subacromial bursa
long head of biceps
part of the superior capsule

49
Q

subacromial bursa

A

between supraspinatus and undersurface of the acromion

50
Q

subdeltoid bursa

A

limits friction forces between the deltoid and supraspinatus tendon and humeral head

51
Q

GH joint abduction

A

humeral head rolling superiorly and sliding inferiorly

52
Q

1st kinematic principle of shoulder abduction

A

full arc of nearly 180 degrees is result of simultaneous 120 degrees abduction and 60 degrees of scapulothoracic upward rotation

53
Q

2nd principle of abduction

A

60 degrees of upward rotation of scapula during full abduction is result of simultaneous elevation of clavicle at SC joint combined with upward rotation of scapula at the AC joint

54
Q

3rd principle of abduction

A

clavicle retracts at the SC joint during full shoulder abduction

55
Q

4th principle of abduction

A

during full abduction, scapula posteriorly tilts and externally rotates

56
Q

5th principle of abduction

A

clavicle rotates posteriorly around its own long axis

57
Q

6th principle of abduction

A

humerus naturally externally rotates during shoulder abduction

58
Q

axillary nerve

A

C5, C6

deltoid and teres minor

59
Q

thoracodorsal

A

C6-C8

latissimus dorsi

60
Q

upper subscapular

A

C5, C6

upper subscapularis

61
Q

lower subscapular

A

C5, C6

lower subscapularis

62
Q

lateral pectoral

A

C5-C7

pectoralis major

63
Q

medial pectoral

A

C8, T1

pectoralis major and pectoralis minor

64
Q

suprascapular

A

C5, C6

supraspinatus and infraspinatus

65
Q

subclavian

A

C5,C6

subclavius

66
Q

dorsal scapular

A

C5
rhomboid major and minor
levator scapula

67
Q

long thoracic

A

C5-C7

serratus anterior

68
Q

Scapulothoracic joint Elevators

A

upper trapezius
levator scapulae
rhomboids

69
Q

Scapulothoracic joint depressors

A

lower trapezius
latissimus dorsi
pectoralis minor
subclavius

70
Q

scapulothoracic joint protractors

A

serratus anterior

71
Q

scapulothoracic joint retractors

A

middle trapezius
rhomboids
lower trapezius

72
Q

scapulothoracic joint upward rotators

A

serratus anterior

upper and lower trapezius

73
Q

scapulothoracic joint downward rotators

A

rhomboids

pectoralis minor

74
Q

abduction of GH joint

A

anterior deltoid
middle deltoid
supraspinatus

75
Q

flexion of GH joint

A

anterior deltoid
coracobrachialis
long head of biceps brachii

76
Q

IR of the GH joint

A 
subscapularis
anterior deltoid
pectoralis major
latissimus dorsi
teres major
77
Q

ER of the GH joint

A

infraspinatus
teres minor
posterior deltoid

78
Q

Possible causes of shoulder impingement syndrome

A

1) abnormal kinematics at GH joint and scapulothoracic joints
2) “slouched” posture
3) fatigue, weakness, poor control, or tightness of muscles
4) inflammation and swelling of tissues within subacromial space
5) excessive wear and degeneration of tendons of rotator cuff muscles
6) instability of GH joint
7) adhesions within inferior GH joint capsule
8) excessive tightness of posterior capsule
9) osteophytes forming around the AC joint
10) abnormal shape of the acromion or coracoacromial arch

Kinesiology (8 decks)

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