Chapter 7 - The management of change

Question 1

Change

Answer 1

is any alternation in the internal or external environments.

Question 2

Organisation change

Answer 2

is the adoption of a new idea or behaviour by an organisation.

Question 3

Proactive

Answer 3

is to initiate for a change rather than simply to react to events.

Question 4

Reactive

Answer 4

is to wait for a change to occur and then respond to it.

Question 5

Source of change

Answer 5

refers to where the change comes from, which includes changes from both the internal and external (operating) environments.

Question 6

Recession

Answer 6

is a contraction in the level of economic activity resulting in reduced spending, rising unemployment and a slow rate of economic growth.

Question 7

Emissions trading scheme

Answer 7

regulates the buying and selling of permits to emit greenhouse gases. A permit allows emissions up to a prescribed cap or limit. Large emitters either choose to buy extra permits or invest in technologies that control emissions. If limits are exceeded, penalties are imposed.

Question 8

Force-field analysis

Answer 8

outlines the process of determining which forces drive and which resist a proposed change.

Question 9

Driving forces

Answer 9

are those factors that support the change.

Question 10

Restraining forces

Answer 10

are those factors that work against the change.

Question 11

Organisational inertia

Answer 11

refers to an unenthusiastic response from management to proposed change.

Question 12

Change management process

Answer 12

is the sequence of steps that a manger would follow for the successful implementation and adoption of change.

Question 13

Facilitator

Answer 13

is someone who helped people achieve an objective by providing unobtrusive assistance.

Question 14

Change agent

Answer 14

is a person or group of people who act as catalysts, assuming responsibility for managing the change process.

Question 15

Manipulation

Answer 15

is the skilful or devious exertion of influence over someone to get them to do what you want.

Question 16

Cooptation

Answer 16

involves the selection of an influential person among potential resistors to be involved in the development and implementation of the change process.

Question 17

Corporate social responsibility

Answer 17

involves managing organisational processes in order to produce an overall positive impact on the community.

Question 18

Triple bottom line

Answer 18

refers to the social, economic and environmental performance of an organisation.

Question 19

Ecological sustainability

Answer 19

occurs when economic growth meets the needs of the present population without endangering the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

Question 20

Sustainability report

Answer 20

is a comprehensive report of what a business has done, and is doing, with regard to social issues that affect it.

Question 21

Business ethics

Answer 21

refers to the application of moral standards to organisational behaviour.

Question 22

Corporate code of conduct

Answer 22

is a set of ethical standards for managers and employees to abide by.

Question 23

Global economy

Answer 23

is the world economy and refers to the economic activity going on in the world. It includes the flow of all trade, finance, technology, labour and investment. Consequently

Question 24

Global manager

Answer 24

pursues organisational objectives in international settings and, therefore is required to conduct business in numerous countries with different cultures.

Question 25

Merger

Answer 25

is a combination of two companies to form a new company.

Question 26

Acquisition

Answer 26

is the purchase of one company by another with non new company being formed.

Question 27

Privatisation

Answer 27

is the process of transferring the ownership of a government business to the private sector.

Question 28

Leadership

Answer 28

is the process of positively influencing and encouraging individuals to set and achieve objectives.

Question 29

Transformational change

Answer 29

often results in a complete restructure throughout the whole organisation.

Question 30

Incremental change

Answer 30

results in minor changes, usually involving only a few employees.

Question 31

Structural change

Answer 31

refers to changes in the organisation’s structure - that is, the organisation chart.

Question 32

Outsourcing

Answer 32

is the contracting of some organisational operations to outside suppliers.

Question 33

Teamwork

Answer 33

involves people who interact regularly and coordinate their work toward a common goal.

Question 34

Flexible manufacturing

Answer 34

is production by computer controlled machines that can adapt to various versions of the same operation.

Question 35

Dynamic

Answer 35

the environments of large-scale organisations contain factors that continually change.

Question 36

Low risk practices

Answer 36

Are actions or strategies that make the change process more likely to be accepted by stakeholders.

Question 37

High risk practices

Answer 37

Refers to actions or strategies in which their failure may generate negative outcomes.