Chapter 7: The Irony of State Intervention: Labeling Theory Flashcards
What is the irony of Labeling Theory?
The very same system that’s supposed to stop the criminal action is causing the criminal action.
When the criminal embraces the label, that’s who they become.
Master status
What is the social context for Labeling Theory?
60’s-70’s
Policy Implications for Labeling Theory?
1) decriminalization
2) diversion
3) due process
4) deinstitutionalization
What did Lemert contribute to Labeling as criminogenic?
Becoming a label comes in two steps:
1) primary deviance-they don’t embrace the label
2) secondary deviance-either society reinforces the label or they commit another crime and decide it’s who they are.
What was Braithwaite’s theory?
Shaming
What were the two types of shaming
1) reintegrative (most popular)
2) disintegrative
What was the theory of Becker, Erikson, and Kitsuse?
Labeling as a self-fulfilling prophecy. The focus was not just label but society’s reaction to it. (society reacts negatively to these labels most of the time). This reinforces the criminogenic force and the person has to commit more crime because they can’t get a job. This causes recidivism.
What was Lawrence Sherman’s Theory?
Defiance Theory
What is defiance theory
People commit crimes out of defiance of social order. Offenders are more likely to be defiant when they perceive the sanction as stigmatizing not their actions but rather the offenders personally.
What was Rose & Clear’s Theory?
Coerced Mobility
What does coerced mobility literally mean?
forced movement
Explain Coerced Mobility
Speaks to what happens to a community when a subset of that community is taken out. They look at the consequences of removing a group from the community.
Who theorized Ecological Bias?
Robert Sampson
First theorist to say that state intervention causes crime
Tannenbaum
