Chapter 7 Test

Question 1

excise taxes

Answer 1

taxes on goods produced + used inside a country

Question 2

precedents

Answer 2

earlier examples

Question 3

cabinet

Answer 3

heads of federal departments who advise the president

Question 4

national debt

Answer 4

the amount of $$$ a country owes

we owed about $77 million

Question 5

Privateers

Answer 5

armed private ships authorized to attack enemy vessels

Question 6

bonds

Answer 6

treasury certificates sold to citizens to raise $$$ for the federal government, by the government

Question 7

speculators

Answer 7

investors who buy bonds, stocks or land, gamble that someday the government would be able to pay off its bonds at full value

Question 8

Bank of the United States

Answer 8

a national bank with branches in major American cities

GW hesitated because it wasn’t in the Constitution

Question 9

bank notes

Answer 9

paper $$$ produced by banks to represent the $$$ they have on deposit in the Bank of the US

Question 10

loose construction

Answer 10

congressional action is constitutional as long as the Constitution does not clearly forbid it

Question 11

strict construction

Answer 11

congressional action is constitutional only if the US Constitution specifically says that Congress has the power to carry out that action

Question 12

XYZ affair (October 1797)

Answer 12

• John Adams sent 3 US diplomats to France to meet Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand
• Instead of Talleyrand, 3 French secret agents (X, Y + Z) said Talleyrand would not discuss the issues until he received a LARGE BRIBE!! :(

Question 13

Alien + Sedition Acts

Answer 13

Series of laws passed by Federalists aimed at

• foreigners in US
• Republicans who supposedly tried to weaken the government

Question 14

Political Parties

Answer 14

Groups of people who organize to

-help elect government officials and try to influence government policies

Question 15

Jay’s Treaty (1794)

Answer 15

Treaty negotiated by John Jay between US + Great Britain

1. ) British promised to improve trade relations
2. ) British withdrew troops from forts on US western frontier
3. ) British agreed to pay damages to shipowners who vessels had been seized
   * US agreed to pay debts owed to British merchants prior to Revolutionary War

Question 16

Treaty of Greenville (1795)

Answer 16

• American settlers pushed past Appalachian Mountains into Native American territory
• Native American tribes joined together to form a confederacy (Michikinikwa “Little Turtle” Miami chief)
• They defeated GW’s troops (between 1790-91)
• Blue Jacket (Shawnee Chief) was defeated in August 1794 by Mad Anthony Wayne in The Battle of Fallen Timbers
• RESULT: More than 90 leading chiefs were forced to sign the TREATY OF GREENVILLE
• Gave US settlers the entire southern 1/2 of present-day OHIO

Question 17

Pinckney’s Treaty (1795)

Answer 17

Thomas Pinckney negotiated for the US; Spain signed accepting

1. The American version of the FL boundary line
2. Americans’ right to navigate freely on the Mississippi River
3. Granted Americans the right of deposit at New Orleans

Question 18

Neutrality Proclamation (1793)

Answer 18

A statement issued by PRESIDENT George Washington warning Americans NOT to favor either side in the war between FRANCE + GREAT BRITAIN

• remain neutral abroad
• maintain good national credit
• be UNIFIED at “home”

Question 19

Whiskey Rebellion (1794)

Answer 19

• A rebellion by western PA farmers
• Cause: protesting a new whiskey tax (which would hurt farmers financially)
• Put down by 12,500 militia troops organized by George Washington
• Led by Henry Lee + Alexander Hamilton

Question 20

Hamilton (Federalists)

Answer 20

• Federal government would pay all debts (domestic + foreign) for investors
• Federal government would assume state debts from Revolution
• Place tariff on imports + excise tax on whiskey
• Tariffs help US business + excise taxes provide $$$ for government
• National Bank controlled + supported economy (businesses)
• Agreed to locate nation’s capital in South

Question 21

Jefferson (Democrat-Republican Party)

Answer 21

• If government paid domestic debts many felt it would only benefit the wealthy speculators
• Many Southern states had already paid off most of their own debts
• Tariffs increased their cost for the poor + only helped the wealthy
• Excise tax on whiskey hurt farmers in the west
• National bank went against strict construction
• A stable currency hurt the farmer who benefited from “cheap money” when paying back loans