Chapter 7 Test Flashcards
what event led to an additional split with the catholic church?
the protestant reformation
who lead the movement, how and why would this person rebel against the catholic church?
martin luther
angry about indulgences
wrote 95 theses
what were the major religous ideas martin luther would claim from the bible that depart from the teachings of the catholic church?
scripture alone, faith alone, grace alone
what was the 30 years war + who was involved, what would cause the 30 years war, and what ended it? what were the agreements of the treaty
WHAT: war between protestants/catholics
WHO: france, italy, netherlands, sweden, spain, dutch
CAUSE: protestants went into catholic countries, holy roman emp started it
END: peace of westphalia
TREATY: gave sovereingty, relig freedom, redrew territories, equal laws, new states
what was the peace of augsburg
a treaty made to try to stop 30 years war. said each territory could practice their faiths in their respective borders
who was the english king that would depart from the catholic church? why and what was the impact?
WHO: King Henry the eight (aka defender of the faith)
WHY: Wanted a son, wife couldnt bear one so wanted to divorce but Pope said no. 1534, Act of Supremacy made church of england the state church and made king the supreme head of the church
IMPACT: Reduced the power of the church
what factors with the protestant reformation would lead to the scientific revolution?
universities allowed people to be scientists because of fragmented europe and a weakened catholic church
what is sovereingty?
supreme power or authority
how was the approach of the scientists of the scientific rev. different from the approach of the ancient philosphers?
used rational inquiry based on evidence- not enough to just hypothesize. logic over emotion, & experiments/general laws became means of gaining knowledge
who introduced the geocentric theory of the solar system? who disproved this theory and what was the impact?
GEOCENTRIC: Ptolemy, said earth= center of the universe, everything revolved around it. Church agreed.
HELIOCENTRIC: Copernicus, said universe is sun centered. Destroyed the POV of the church
what was the treatment of the enlightenment philosophers and scientists towards religion? what was their view?
rejected organized religion, but believed they could coexist. many became deist
what is the deist view?
there is a supreme/godly something, but its no longer directly involved with the world
what is the world machine?
deist view saying god created/put a machine into motion and the machine is kept in motion by the laws of science
who would dissect human bodies and reveal the workings of the body? what were his findings?
andreas vesalius. discovered the heart is a pump + the body is a machine. did this by dissecting cadavers
what major ideas concerning gov. came out of the enlightenment and who were the main philosophers?
JOHN LOCKE: Natural rights- life, liberty, property.
MOTESQUIEU: wanted freedom from tyranny, led to seperation of powers, checks/balances, 3 branch
VOLTAIRE: seperation of the state/church. said state should have authority over church, vice versa
ROSSEAU: social contract, give up certain rights for the gov. to then be able to take over
