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CISSP > Chapter 7: System Architecture > Flashcards

Chapter 7: System Architecture Flashcards

1
Q

Client-based systems

A

execute all core functions on the user’s device and don’t require network connectivity

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2
Q

Server-based systems

A

require a client make requests from a server across a network connection

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3
Q

Transactions

A

sequences of actions required to properly change the state of a database

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4
Q

Properties of Database transactions

A

atomic, consistent, isolated, durable (ACID)

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5
Q

Aggregation

A

combining info from separate sources; security problem when it allows unauthorized individuals to piece together sensitive info

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6
Q

Inference

A

deducing a whole set of info from a subset of its aggregated components; security problem when it allows unauthorized individuals to infer sensitive info

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7
Q

HPC

A

High-performance computing; aggregation of computing power which exceed capabilities of general-purpose computers for the specific purpose of solving large problems

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8
Q

ICS

A

Industrial control systems; IT specifically designed to control physical devices in industrial processes

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9
Q

Embedded system

A

cyber-physical system; computers and physical devices collaborate via the exchange of inputs and outputs to accomplish a task or objective

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10
Q

Two main types of ICS

A

DCS and SCADA

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11
Q

DCS

A

distributed control systems; use PLC; control devices within fairly close proximity

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12
Q

SCADA

A

supervisory control and data acquisition system; uses RTUs or PLCs; control large-scale physical processes involving nodes separated by significant distances

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13
Q

Difference between DCS and SCADA

A

DCS controls local processes; SCADA used to control things remotely

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14
Q

ICS connectivity

A

should always be logically or physically isolated from public networks

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15
Q

Virtualized system

A

exist in software-simulated environments

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16
Q

VM

A

virtual machine; computing hardware has been virtualized for the operating systems running in them

17
Q

Containers

A

systems in which the operating systems have been virtualized for the applications running in them; very common for containers and microservices to be used together; houst microservices; run in sandboxes

18
Q

Microservices

A

software architectures; features are divided into multiple separate components which work together in a distributed manner across a network

19
Q

serverless architecture

A

services offered to end user can be performed without a requirement to set up any dedicated server infrastructure

20
Q

Cloud computing

A

use of shared, remote computing devices for the purpose of providing improved efficiencies, performance, reliability, scalability, and security

21
Q

SaaS

A

Software as a Service; cloud computing model which provides users access to specific application that executes in the service provider’s environment

22
Q

PaaS

A

Platform as a Service; cloud computing model which provides users access to a computing platform but not to the operating system or to the virtual machine on which it runs

23
Q

IaaS

A

Infrastructure as a Service; cloud computing model which provides users unfettered access to a cloud device, like an instance of a server, which includes both the operating system and virtual machine on which it runs

24
Q

Embedded system

A

self-contained, ruggedized, computer system with its own processor, memory, and input/output devices designed for a very specific purpose

25
Q

IoT

A

Internet of Things; global network of connected embedded systems

26
Q

distributed system

A

system in which multiple computing nodes, interconnected by a network, exchange info for the accomplishment of collective tasks

27
Q

Edge computing

A

a distributed system in which some computational and data storage assets are deployed close to where they are needed in order to reduce latency and network traffic

28
Q

PLC

A

programmable logic controller

29
Q

RTU

A

remote terminal unit

30
Q

Hypervisors

A

used to virtualize the hardware on which virtual machines run; provide visibility and logging as a secondary function

31
Q

Virtualizing the operating system

A

Containers

32
Q

Issues when securing embedded systems

A

use of proprietary code, devices that “phone home”, ability to update and patch them securely

33
Q

Microcontrollers

A

specialized devices with CPU, memory, and peripheral control interfaces; used to build embedded systems

34
Q

Three layers of edge computing

A

End devices, edge devices, and cloud infrastructure

CISSP (29 decks)

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