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CISSP > Chapter 14: Network Components > Flashcards

Chapter 14: Network Components Flashcards

1
Q

Analog vs digital signals

A

analog signals represent data as continuously changing wave values; digital signals encode data in discrete voltage values

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2
Q

Reliability of analog vs digital signals

A

digital signals more reliable than analog signals over a long distance and provides a clear-cut and efficient signaling method because the voltage is either on (1) or not on (0), compared to interpreting the waves of an analog signal

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3
Q

Synchronous communications

A

require a timing component but ensure reliability and higher speeds

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4
Q

Asynchronous communications

A

require no timing component and are simpler to implement

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5
Q

baseband technology

A

uses the entire communication channel for its transmission

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6
Q

broadband technology

A

divides the communication channel into individual and independent subchannels so different types of data can be transmitted simultaneously

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7
Q

Coaxial cable

A

copper core surrounded by a shielding layer and grounding wire, which make it resistant to electromagnetic interference (EMI), provides higher bandwidth, and supports use of longer cable lengths

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8
Q

EMI

A

electromagnetic interference

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9
Q

Twisted-pair cable

A

twisting of the wires, types of insulation used, quality of conductive material, and the shielding of the wire determine the rate at which data can be transmitted

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10
Q

Fiber-optic cabling

A

carries data as light waves, is expensive, can transmit data at high speeds, is difficult to tap into, and is resistant to EMI and RFI; ideal for security protection

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11
Q

Fiber-optic cabling uses glasses and so …

A

has higher transmission speeds which allow signals to travel over longer distances

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12
Q

depending on the materials used, network cables may be susceptible to ….

A

noise, attenuation, and crosstalk

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13
Q

line noise

A

random fluctuations in electrical-magnetic impulses carried along a physical medium

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14
Q

attenuation

A

the loss of signal strength as it travels

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15
Q

crosstalk

A

phenomenon which occurs when electrical signals of one wire spill over to the signals of another wire

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16
Q

bandwidth

A

the amount of information that can be transmitted over a link within a second

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17
Q

data throughput

A

actual amount of data can actually be carried over a real link

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18
Q

repeater

A

provides the simplest type of connectivity because it only repeats electrical signals between cable segments, which enables it to extend a network

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19
Q

bridge

A

LAN device used to connect LAN segments (or VLAN segments) and extends the range of a LAN

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20
Q

transparent bridge

A

starts to learn about the network’s environment as soon as it is powered on and continues to learn as the network changes by examining frames and making entries in its forwarding tables

21
Q

STP

A

Spanning Tree Protocol

22
Q

Spanning Tree Protocol

A

ensure forwarded frames do not circle networks forever, provides redundant paths in case a bridge goes down, assigns unique identifiers to each bridge, assigns priority values to these bridges, and calculates path costs

23
Q

SPB

A

Shortest Path Bridging

24
Q

Shortest Path Bridging protocol

A

defined in IEEE 802.1aq; more efficient and scalable than STP; used in newer bridges

25
Q

Switches

A

multiport bridges which typically have additional management features

26
Q

Routers are in layer ….

A

Layer 3 or network layer

27
Q

Routers are

A

devices used to connect similar or different networks

28
Q

Routers link …

A

two or more network segments, where each segment functions as independent networks

29
Q

router works at the … layer, works with … addresses, has more network knowledge than X, Y, Z

A

network layer, works with IP addresses, and has more network knowledge than bridges, switches, or repeaters

30
Q

gateway

A

general term for software running on a device which connects two different environments and often acts as a translator for them or restricts their interactions

31
Q

PBX

A

Private Branch Exchange

32
Q

Private Branch Exchange

A

private telephone switch located on an organization’s property and performs some of the same switching tasks which take place at the telephone company’s central office

33
Q

Proxy server

A

intermediary between the clients which want access to certain services and the servers which provide those services

34
Q

NAC

A

network access control

35
Q

Network Access Control

A

any set of policies and controls which restrict access to their networks

36
Q

endpoint

A

any computing device which communicates through a network and whose principal function is not to mediate communications for other devices on the network

37
Q

CDN

A

content distribution network

38
Q

content distribution network

A

consists of multiple servers distributed across a large region, each of which provides content optimized for users closest to it

39
Q

Regular, high-volume traffic, error checking, high-speed, complex and costly implementation

A

synchronous signaling

40
Q

data transfers happen at lower volumes at unpredictable intervals

A

asynchronous communications

41
Q

Cheaper than fiber and allows high bandwidths but resistant to electromagnetic interference (EMI)

A

coaxial cable

42
Q

cable tray with large number of cables running in parallel and close proximity

A

crosstalk! electrical signals spill over to the signals of another wire in close proximity unless shielded cables are used

43
Q

loss of signal strength as it travels

A

attenuation; regardless of which type of cabling used, it is inevitable given a long enough distance which is why repeaters were invented

44
Q

bandwidth vs throughput

A

amount of data that can theoretically be transmitted over a link within a second vs actual amount of data carried over a real link

45
Q

Layer 3 protocols

A

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), BGP (Border Gateway Protocol), IS-IS (Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System)

46
Q

IEEE 802.1X protocol specifically addresses issues in …..

A

network access control; allows devices to connect in a very limited manner (only to the network authenticator) until the device and/or user can be authenticated

47
Q

Multiprotocol Label Switching system

A

MPLS functionality is built into networking devices to help them move packets between endpoints more efficiently

48
Q

CDN advantages

A

reduced latency, tailored content to users around the world, DDoS protection bc of the very distributed nature

CISSP (29 decks)

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