Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology 239 > Chapter 7: Substance Abuse > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Substance Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

The DSM uses what 2 major categories of substance-related disorders?

A

Substance Use disorder

Substance Induced Disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Substance use disorder

A

USE
Patterns of maladaptive behaviour involving the use of a psychoactive substance.
Includes Substance-abuse disorders and Substance dependence disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Substance-induced disorder

A

PRODUCE
Disorders induced by the use of psychoactive substances
i.e. intoxication, withdrawal syndromes, mood disorders, delirium, and amnesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Substance use disorder is often characterized by what?

A

Physiological dependence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hallmarks of Substance Abuse and dependence

A 
Tolerance
Withdrawal syndrome
tachycardia
delirium tremens (hallucinations/ restlessness/ disorientation)
Delirium 
Disorientation 
Addition
Physio dependence
psychological dependance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Addiction

A

Impaired control over the use of a chemical substance accompanied by physiological dependence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Physiological dependence

A

State of physical dependence on a drug which the user’s body comes to depend on a steady supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Psychological dependence

A

reliance on a substance, although one may not be physically dependent
CRAVINGS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Top three commonly used drugs in North American

A

Tobacco (25% of population)
Alcohol (15% of population)
Marijuana (5% of population)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pathways to Drug Dependence

A 
Experimentation
Routine Use (denial, behaviours and values change, mood swings)
Addiction or Dependence (powerless to the drug at tis point)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Depressants

A

ex. Alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Alcohol risk factors

A

Gender: females and males (12 and 11%). Men start younger, females catch up
Age: start late adolescence (earlier you start the harder it is to stop)
Antisocial personality disorder
Family history: father who drinks, genetics
Sociodemographic factors: stressors, bad coping mechanisms, lower income/education, first nations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

__% of homeless people will suffer from alcohol addition

A

26%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

AA sees alcoholism as what?

A

As being a disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Learning theorists see alcoholism as what?

A

As being a learned behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Psychological effects of alcohol

A

Euphoria, relaxation, increased confidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Physical health and alcohol

A 
Alcohol-induced persisting amnestic 
Korsakoff's syndrome (thiamine deficiency, leads to amnesia, confabulation)
higher rates of cancer 
ulcers
hypertension
gout
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Is there a health benefit to moderate alcohol consumption?

A

Yes, but no more than 2 drinks a day have a protective impact on the heart (decrease BP, vasodilator)

19
Q

Alcohol and ethnic diversity

A

Bad with First Nations
Jewish people have low alcohol related problems (children are exposed to the ritual use of wine in childhood and impose cultural restraints on excessive drinking
Asian people drink less heavily than other Canadians (less biological tolerance of alcohol and therefore have a greater flushing response)

20
Q

Alcohol plays a role in deaths due to…

A 
Snowmobile accidents (77%)
Homicides (>50%)
Traffic accidents (>40%)
boating accidents (40%)
suicides (>20%)
21
Q

Barbiturates

A 
Sedatives
dangerous when mixed with alcohol 
effect for 3-6 hours
very addictive
reduce tension
treat: epilepsy/high BP
most popular street drug 
1%
Middle age females take it most often to help them sleep 
4x more potent than alcohol 
significant withdrawal is sopped cold turkey
22
Q

Opiates

A 
Narcotics
Analgesia 
Endorphins 
produces rush for 5-15 minutes
euphoria for 3-5 hours
ex. form poppy plant
ex. Vicodin, Oxycontin are the most widely abused 
0.7% of population abuses them 
Withdrawal is flu-like symptoms (increased HR and fever)
23
Q

Stimulants

A

Amphetamines
Amphetamine Psychosis
Pill, crushed
suicide rates go up when you’re on the way down from the high
can cause withdrawal effects like insomnia, psychotic state like schizophrenia

24
Q

Cocaine

A
  • crack (more popular with adolescents)
  • freebasing (power form)
    effects
  • binge states (12-46 hours),
    2-5 days coming down
    withdrawal: depression
    highly addictive!!!
25
Q

Nicotine

A

Nicotine dependence
feel more alert
withdrawal symptoms: depression, weight gain, light headed, increased appetite, can’t concentrate, fever, sweating

20-24 years old
younger you are at the start the harder it is to stop
lots of health impacts: miscarriages, cancer
(90% of lung cancers caused by smoking >leading cause of women’s death (has surpassed breast cancer)

26
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Psychedelics, LSD
Flashbacks
sensory deprivation, hallucinations, alter consciousness
withdrawal symptoms: anxiety and depression

unpredictable (can have a good or bad trip)

27
Q

Factors for cigarette smoking in Canada

A

the prevalence of smoking among adults is higher among Aboriginals than non-Aborignials (regardless of whether they live in rural or urban environments)
Smoking is more common among the poorer and less educated segments of the population

28
Q

Phencyclidine (PCP)

A 
Angel Dust
Anesthetic 
hallucinations 
readily available, inexpensive 
produces dissociations, delirium, paranoia, agitation, absent state
29
Q

Marijuana

A

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
Hashish
5-6% of population, more common in males
18-30 year olds
low doses = relaxation
higher doses = more isolation > less ability to recall facts

30
Q

Inhalants

A 
adhesives, aerosols, cleaning fluids, markers, predice, euphoria 
unpredictable 
leads to death is inhale too mush 
impact memory and learning 
leads to illness
31
Q

The proportion of Marijuana users in Canada is…

A

much higher among young adults than in the population as a whole

32
Q

Gambling disorder

A

Impulse control disorder in former DSM editions
in DSM 5 gambling disorer is classified with other substance use disorders
has commonalities in expression, aetiology, comorbidity, and treatment with substance abuse disorders

33
Q

Aetiology

A

aka Etiology

the study of causation/origination

34
Q

Biological perspective

A

NTS
Brain’s reward centres
genetic factors

nicotine/alcohol/heroin/cocaine/marijuana all increase DA levels 
- impact brains natural DA production
- can lead to psychotic state
Cocaine
- impacts 5HT levels of brain 
Heroin 
- effect endorphin levels

connected to brain’s reward pathway

genetic factors

  • family members, alcohol, smoking = you are more likely to use
  • monozygotic twins more likely!
35
Q

Learning Perspective

A 
Operant conditioning (trial and error, social influences)
Alcohol and tension reduction (it's a short term solution but a long term problem)
Negative reinforcement and withdrawal (keep abusing drugs to avoid withdrawal)

The conditional model of cravings
Observational learning
-what is your social network like?
- what is the environment?
- if you smoke at parties, then you’ll crave drug at parties
- CUES are very IMPORTANT
- treatment involved learning and recognizing the cues

36
Q

Cognitive Perspective

A

What you believe is what you get
Outcome expectancies, decision making and substance
self efficacy expectations
does one slip cause people with substance abuse or dependence to go on binges?

37
Q

Psychodynamic Perspectives

A

Stuck in oral fixation phase

38
Q

Sociocultural perspectives

A

religious beliefs

39
Q

Biological Approaches

A

Detoxification

Disulfiram

  • no good > doesn’t alter your behaviour
  • adverse side effects when taken with alcohol, to prevent alcohol consumption

Antidepressants (reduce cravings for cocaine)

Nicotine replacement therapy (the patch, gum)

Methadone maintenance programs
- methadone (prevents craving)

Naloxene and Naltrexone

  • blocks high
  • prevents craving
40
Q

Treatment

A

Nonprofessional support groups
- AA

Residential approaches

Psychodynamic approaches

Behavioural approaches

Relapse prevention training

41
Q

Behavioural approaches

A

Self control strategies
- limit opportunities to see cues
- resopnse prevention
control consequnnces

Aversive conditioning
- behavioural, pair it with an unpleasant thing

social skills training

42
Q

Relapse prevention training

A

Relapse
Relapse-prevention training
Abstinence violation effect

43
Q

Most habit forming drug?

A

Cocaine

44
Q

Stages of change

A

see slide
Pre-contemplation
1: no intention to change, unaware of the problem
2: contemplation (aware the problem exists and serious evaluation of options but not committed to take action)
3: preparation (intends to take action, makes small changes, needs to set goals and priorities)
4: Action (dedicates time and energy, make overt/viable changes, developed strategies to deal with barriers
5: adaptation/maintenance
- works to adapt and adjust to facilitate maintenance of change

what stage is the person in?
not every client is going to be ready for the action stage, some times you just need them to accept their problem and begin to formulate plans

Psychology 239 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions