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Psychology 239 > Chapter 10: Schizophrenia > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Schizophrenia Flashcards

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1
Q

Acute Schizophrenia episodes are characterized by:

A

delusions, hallucinations, illogical thinking, incoherent speech, bizarre behaviour

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2
Q

Emil Kraeplin (1856-1926)

A

Dementia Praecox

- out (dementia) of ones mind (praecox)

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3
Q

Eugen Bleuler

A

Associations: relationships among thoughts become disturbed

Affect: emotional responses become flattened and inappropriate

Ambivalence: hold conflicting feelings towards others

Autism: withdrawal into a private fantasy wold that is not bound by principles of logic

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4
Q

Kurt Schneider

A

First rank symptoms

  • central to the diagnosis
  • hallucinations and delusions (not specific to schizophrenia)

Second-rank symptoms

  • symptoms associated with schizophrenia that occur in other psychological conditions
  • disturbances of mood and confused thinking
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5
Q

Phases of Schizophrenia

A

Prodromal phase

Residual phase

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6
Q

Prodromal phase

A

waning interest in social activities and increasingly difficulty in meeting the responsibilities of daily living

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7
Q

residual phase

A

behavioural returns to the level that was characteristic in functioning prior to the first acute phase

behaviour may not return fully to normal

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8
Q

Schizophrenia occurs when?

A

late teens/early 20s
drug induced/stress induced

can come on fast (acute onset) or gradual onset

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9
Q

Major features of schizophrenia

A 
disturbances of thought and speech
other common forms of delusions
disturbances in the form of thought
Attentional deficiencies 
perceptual deficiencies 
emotional disturbances 
oter types of impairment
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10
Q

Disturbances of thought and speech

A

Delusions of persecution
Delusions of reference
Delusions of being controlled
Delusions of grandeur

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11
Q

Common forms of delusions

A

Thought broadcasting
thought insertion
thought withdrawal

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12
Q

Disturbances in the form of thought

A 
Thought disorder 
Neologisms
Perseveration 
Clangling
Blocking
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13
Q

thought disorder

A

breakdown in the organization, processing, and control of thoughts

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14
Q

Neologisms

A

words made up by the speaker that have little or no meaning to the others

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15
Q

perseveration

A

inappropriate but persistent repetition of the sane words or train of thought

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16
Q

Clanging

A

stringing together of words or sounds on the basis of rhyming

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17
Q

Blocking

A

involuntary abrupt interruption of speech or thought

18
Q

Younger individuals with schizophrenia vs. older individuals

A

younger: talk a lot
older: have poverty of speech

19
Q

Hypervigilance

A

acute sensitivity to extraneous sounds, esp. during the early stages of the disorder

attentional deficiency

20
Q

Perceptual disturbances

A

Auditory hallucinations and self-talk

  • auditory hallucinations in 60% of cases
  • commmand hallucinations
21
Q

Causes of hallucinations

A

too much dopamine

- therefore they are easy to treat with medication

22
Q

Emotional disturbances

A

flat affect

23
Q

Stupor

A

state of relative or complete unconsciousness in which a person is not generally aware of or responsive to the environment

24
Q

Schizophrenia can be either ______ or ______

A

type 1

type 2

25
Q

Type 1 Schizophrenia

A

Positive symptoms (something is added)

  • acute onset
  • presence of abnormal behaviour such as hallucinations, delusions, thought disorders, disorganized speech and inappropriate affect
26
Q

Type 2 Schizophrenia

A 
Negative symptoms (something is removed)
- gradual onset

-absence of normal behaviour, such as social skill deficits, social withdrawal, flattened affect, poverty of speech and thought, psychomotor retardation, failure to experience pleasure in pleasant activities

27
Q

premorbid functioning

A

poorer in type 2

28
Q

psychodynamic perspective

A

Primary narcissism
- person regresses to an early period in the oral stage

Harry Stack Sullivan

  • mother-child relationships
  • anxious and hostile interactions between parent and child can lead the child to take refuge in a private fantasy world
29
Q

learning perspective

A

Ulmann and Krasner

  • reinforcement
  • children may grow up in non-reinforcing environments and never learn to respond appropriately to social stimuli
30
Q

Biological perspective

A

genetic factors
- cross-fostering studies: method of determining heritability of a trait or disorder by examining differences in prevalence among adoptives reared by adoptive parents or biological parents

Biochemical factors

  • DA theory: do not appear to produce more dopamine but have a greater than normal # of receptors in their brains or have receptors that are overly sensitive to DA
  • Neuroleptic drugs: block DA receptors
31
Q

Theoretical perspective

A

Viral infections
- slow acting virus that attacks the developing brain of a fetus or newborn child

Brain abnormalities

  • hippocampus: impairs memory
  • amygdala: impairs emotions
32
Q

Diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia

A

diathesis + stress factors -> + potential protective factors -> schizophrenia

33
Q

family theories

A

Schizophrenogenic mother
- cold, aloof, overprotective, domineering

Double-bind communication
- the transmission of contradictory or mixed messages

Communication deviance
- unclear, vague, disruptive, or fragmented parental communication

Expressed emotion

  • hostile, critical, and unsupported of the schizophrenic family member
  • high levels of expressed emotion is BAD

Family factors: causes or sources of stress
- increase risk is disturbed communication and emotional interaction

34
Q

Biological approaches

A

antipsychotic drugs

sociocultural factors in treatment

35
Q

Phenothiazines; Haloperidol

A

antipsychotic
help with hallucinations and delusions
treats tardive dyskinesia (TD)

36
Q

Tardive dyskinesia (TD)

A

movement disorder characterized by involuntary movements of the face, mouth, neck, trunk, or extremities
- treated with phenothiazines, haloperidol

37
Q

psychoanalytic approaches

A

personal therapy, not well suited to treatment

38
Q

Learning based approaches

A

selective reinforcement
toke economy systems
social skills training

39
Q

psychosocial rehabilitation

A

self help groups: ran by non-professionals or people with schizophrenia

community programs: housing, jobs, education

40
Q

Family intervention programs

A 
practical aspects of daily living
educating members 
teaching family members how to relate in a less hostile way
improving communication
problem solving skills
41
Q

Early intervention programs

A

reduced disruption of activities
reduced disruption of family and social relationships
reduced likelihood of hospitalization
reduced disability and fewer relapses
reduced risk of suicide
improved capacity to maintain self-identity and self-esteem
faster and more complete recovery

Psychology 239 (5 decks)

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