Chapter 7 Stranger Violence & Street Violence

Question 1

Bank Robberies

Answer 1

Still relatively common; today, California has the highest number of bank robberies compared to other states. For example, in 2011, California had 697 bank robberies compared to the state of New York, which had only 339 robberies.

Question 2

Burglary

Answer 2

When an offender(s) breaks into a residence and steals a homeowner’s belongings; this is a property crime because there is no force or threat of force to a person

Question 3

Comprehensive Gang Model

Answer 3

The U.S. Department of Justice’s Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) developed this model designed to reduce gang crime in targeted neighborhoods using interventions that had been shown to work in addressing individual, family, and community factors that contributed to juvenile delinquency and gang activity

Question 4

Cure Violence

Answer 4

A program that views violence from a public health perspective; its goal is to reduce homicides by identifying youth who are most at risk of being shot or shooting someone else

Question 5

MS-13 (Mara Salvatrucha)

Answer 5

This group, also known as Mara Salvatrucha, is a Salvadoran street gang

Question 6

Muggings

Answer 6

Typical street robberies involving individuals, also called stickups

Question 7

National Gang Center

Answer 7

The U.S. Department of Justice center that defines gangs with these criteria: (1) the group has three or more members, generally aged 12–24, (2) members share an identity, typically linked to a name and other symbols, (3) members view themselves as a gang, and they are recognized by others as a gang, (4) the group has some permanence and a degree of organization, and (5) the group is involved in an elevated level of criminal activity

Question 8

National Youth Gang Survey (NYGS)

Answer 8

A survey filled out by law enforcement agencies across the country to determine extent of gang presence

Question 9

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP)

Answer 9

The office in the U.S. Department of Justice that developed the comprehensive gang model to reduce gang crime

Question 10

Primary Homicides

Answer 10

Involve intimates, friends, and acquaintances

Question 11

Robbery

Answer 11

Incorporates two threatening elements: the use of force and the theft of property

Question 12

Routine Activities Theory

Answer 12

There are three elements that are generally necessary for the commission of a crime to occur: a motivated offender, a suitable target, and lack of capable guardianship

Question 13

Secondary Homicides

Answer 13

Involve strangers; also called stranger crime

Question 14

Self-Protective Action

Answer 14

About two out of three victims engage in such things as appealing to or reasoning with the offender, which seems to help their situation in some way, possibly helping them to avoid injury or protect their property

Question 15

Situational Crime Prevention

Answer 15

Seeks to understand technical and structural solutions to crime and, in response, designs environments or products in ways that minimize the risk of victimization

Question 16

Stickups

Answer 16

Typical street robberies involving individuals, also called muggings

Question 17

Stranger Crime

Answer 17

Victimization by a stranger; people dread this victimization the most, though, with the exception of robbery, most violent crimes occur between people known to one another