Chapter 5 Family Violence Flashcards
Family Violence
Umbrella term that includes a wide range of behaviours, including physical, sexual, financial and verbal or other emotional abuse between individuals in a number of dyadic relationships: intimates (e.g., spouses and ex spouses, boyfriends/girlfriends and exes); parents and children; siblings; and the elderly and their caregivers, including their children.
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Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)
Intentional use of physical force against an intimate partner (boyfriend/girlfriend, spouse, or ex); it has been around forever but has only been acknowledged for around the past 30 years.
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Conflict Tactics Scale
An instrument to measure violence; spans a range of behaviors, including reasoning, verbal aggression, and physical aggression or violence.
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Patriarchy, Patriarchal
Refers to the inequity of power held by males over females. The term comes from the Greek word for patriarch or father as ruler. This idea proposes that the subjugation of women by men is built into the organization of society.
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Intergenerational Transmission of Violence Theory
Sometimes referred to as the cycle of violence; contends that those who experience and/or witness violence as children are more likely to become violent in adulthood compared with children who do not experience or witness violence.
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Cycle of Violence
The idea that those who experience and/or witness violence as children are more likely to become violent in adulthood compared with children who do not experience or witness violence.
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Violence Against Women Act (VAWA)
Intended to improve criminal justice and community-based responses to intimate partner violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking.
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Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment
The first large-scale experiment to test the deterrent effects of arrest on batterers; it began in 1981.
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Deterrence Theory
The perspective that criminal behaviour can be prevented by the threat of formal and informal sanctions.
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Specific Deterrence Argument
Contends that offenders who are arrested and punished for a specific behaviour will be less likely to behave in the same way in the future.
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Mandatory Arrest
Requires police to detain a perpetrator when there is probable cause that an assault or battery has occurred or if a restraining order is violated, regardless of a victim’s consent or protestations.
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Spouse Assault Replication Program (SARP)
Published findings of replications of the Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment study in six cities funded by the National Institute of Justice. Interestingly, the findings did not uniformly find that arrest was an effective deterrent in spouse assault cases.
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Procedural Justice
Contends that conformity to group rules is as much about having fair procedures in place as it is about fair or favourable outcomes.
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Victim Empowerment
Means that victims’ rights and wishes are factored into the process of administering justice.
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Kenosha Domestic Abuse Intervention Project
A mandatory arrest law in Wisconsin; data from the project indicates that after the law went into effect, women experienced a 12-fold increase in arrests, while the number of men arrested doubled during the same time period.
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Civil Protection Orders (CPOs)
Generally offer victims a temporary judicial injunction that directs an assailant to stop battering, threatening, or harming a victim.
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Fatality Review Teams
Brings together a variety of members from various groups that have an interest in preventing intimate partner violence and may include law enforcement officers, judges, defence and prosecuting attorneys, victim advocates, mental health workers, county coroners, and survivors, among others.
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Same-Sex Unions
Marriage outside of heterosexual relationships.
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Cyberstalking
Stalking that is conducted with the use of technology, such as computers or cell phones.
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Child Abuse
When physical violence is used on a child.
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National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS)
A National survey that monitored victimization; it was replaced with the NCVS.
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Postpartum Psychosis
Covers a group of mental illnesses with sudden onset of psychotic symptoms following childbirth.
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National Family Violence Survey (NFVS)
One of three large, nationally representative surveys that have estimated the annual rates of intimate partner violence.
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Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act
Established the National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect under the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
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Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980
Intended to prevent unwarranted removal of children from their families by making “reasonable efforts” to keep families together or to unify families in a timely manner if placement cannot not be avoided.
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Family Preservation and Support Services Act of 1993
Mandated expansion of the services available to strengthen families and provided additional supports for children who must be placed outside the home.
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Child and Family Services Improvement and Innovation Act of 201
Authorized grants to states in order to provide services to children and their families (designed to prevent child abuse and neglect) as well as funding for grants to provide training and support to ensure a well-qualified child welfare workforce.
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Child Protective Services (CPS)
A division located in each state that is mandated to protect and remove children from abusive situations.
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Safe Environment for Every Kid (SEEK)
An intervention program that requires pediatricians to conduct a risk assessment during routine primary care services and requires that physicians receive training to better help them identify and address the risk factors for abuse and neglect. SEEK also provides informational resources for parents and physicians and social work services for families who desire them.
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Elder Abuse
One of the most recent types of family violence to be acknowledged as a social problem; includes physical abuse, psychological abuse, material or financial exploitation, and neglect.
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Older Americans Act
The first piece of national legislation that expressed society’s commitment to protect vulnerable older Americans.
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Vulnerable Elder Rights Protection Act
Expanded the Older Americans Act to include mandates for the prevention of elder abuse, neglect, and exploitation.
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Elder Justice Act (EJA)
Passed by Congress in 2010; this federal legislation is the first to comprehensively attempt to address elder abuse.
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Adult Protective Services (APS)
The division of each state’s government that is responsible for investigating reports of elder abuse and for the provision of social services to help victims and ameliorate abuse; in most jurisdictions, these services also pertain to abused adults who have a disability, vulnerability, or other impairment as defined by state law, not only to older persons.
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Violence Against Women Act Reauthorization of 2019
The most recent authorization of the original VAWA (1994.
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Stalking
According to the National Institute of Justice, a course of conduct directed at a specific person that involves repeated visual or physical proximity; nonconsensual communication; verbal, written, or implied threats; or a combination thereof that would cause a reasonable person fear, with repeated meaning on two or more occasions.
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Primary Aggressor
Allows officers to distinguish between a person who is a victim (largely using violence to defend themselves) and the abuser.
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