chapter 7 - slides 28 to 38

Question 1

What exactly is intelligence?

Answer 1

The way that researchers have defined the concept of intelligence has been modified many times since the birth of psychology.

Question 2

What did Charles Spearman believe?

Answer 2

-He believed intelligence consisted of one general factor, called g, which could be measured and compared among individuals.
-He focused on the commonalities among various intellectual abilities.
-By this meaning, intelligent people would be good at everything (writing, math solving, public speaking)=PROBLEM!

Question 3

What did Raymond Cattell propose?

Answer 3

Raymond Cattell proposed a theory of intelligence that divided general intelligence into two components: crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence.

Question 4

What is the difference between crystalized intelligence and fluid intelligence?

Answer 4

Crystalized intelligence: acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it.
- Knowing facts. (mostly learned in school like dates)

Fluid intelligence: the ability to see complex relationships and solve problems.
- Knowing how to do something. (thinking quickly on your feet, ability to problem solve quickly, etc.)

Question 5

What is Robert Sternberg’s theory of intelligence?

Answer 5

Triarchic theory of intelligence because it sees intelligence as comprised of three parts (Sternberg, 1988): practical, creative, and analytical intelligence

Question 6

Describe each parts of the Triarchic theory of intelligence.

Answer 6

Practical intelligence: street smart and common sense
Analytical intelligence: academic problem solving and computations
Creative intelligence: imaginative and innovative problem-solving

Question 7

Define the multiple intelligence theory?

Answer 7

Multiple Intelligences Theory.
-each person possesses at least eight intelligences…
1. Linguistic
2. Logical-mathematical
3. Musical
4. Bodily kinesthetic
5. Spatial
6. Interpersonal
7. Intrapersonal
8. Naturalist

Question 8

Which two of the eight are often combined into a single type: emotional intelligence?

Answer 8

Intrapersonal and interpersonal intelligences

Question 9

Define emotional intelligence.

Answer 9

Ability to understand the emotions of yourself and others, show empathy, understand social relationships and cues, and regulate your own emotions and respond in culturally appropriate ways

Question 10

True or false? People with high emotional intelligence typically have well-developed social skills.

Answer 10

true!

Question 11

Define cultural intelligence.

Answer 11

When you visit such a culture, how well you relate to the values of that culture exemplifies your cultural intelligence, sometimes referred to as cultural competence.

Question 12

Define creativity.

Answer 12

The ability to generate, create, or discover new ideas, solutions, and possibilities.

Question 13

What is the difference between convergent and divergent thinking?

Answer 13

Divergent thinking can be described as thinking “outside the box;” it allows an individual to arrive at unique, multiple solutions to a given problem.

In contrast, convergent thinking describes the ability to provide a correct or well-established answer or solution to a problem.

Question 14

How can we measure intelligence?

Answer 14

A person’s Intelligence quotient (IQ) is a score earned on a
test designed to measure intelligence.

Question 15

What is the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale?

Answer 15

Early 1900s - Alfred Binet developed an intelligence test to use on children to determine which ones might have difficulty in school.

Louis Terman (a Stanford psychologist) modified Binet’s work by standardizing the administration of the test and testing thousands of children to establish a norm.

Question 16

Define standardization and norming.

Answer 16

Standardization means that the manner of administration, scoring, and interpretation of results is consistent.

Norming involves giving a test to a large population so data can be collected comparing groups, such as age groups. The resulting data provide norms, or referential scores, by which to interpret future scores.

They both make sure new scores are reliable.

Question 17

Show role of the IQ test in the war.

Answer 17

high score=alpha (officer)
low test=beta (one of the front soldiers to be killed)

Question 18

What is Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

Answer 18

David Wechsler’s definition of intelligence -“the global capacity of a person to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with his environment.” In 1939, Wechsler developed a new IQ test by combining several subtests from other intelligence tests.
Tapped into a variety of verbal and nonverbal skills.
- One of the most extensively used intelligence tests.
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-V) is one of many versions used today that tests 1) verbal comprehension, 2) visual spatial, 3) fluid reasoning, 4) working memory and 5)
processing Speed.

Question 19

Define the Flynn effect.

Answer 19

The Flynn effect refers to the observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the last

Question 20

What does the results of intelligence tests follow?

Answer 20

The Bell curve.

Question 21

What is the bell curve?

Answer 21

graph in the general shape of a bell. When the bell curve is used in psychological testing, the graph demonstrates a normal distribution of a trait, in this case, intelligence, in the human population. Many human traits naturally follow the bell curve.

Question 22

What is the average IQ score?

Answer 22

100

Question 23

What is a standard deviation?

Answer 23

Describes how data are dispersed in a population.

Question 24

What is a representative sample?

Answer 24

subset of the population that accurately represents the general population.

Question 25

Where does intelligence come from (nature vs nurture)

Answer 25

Nature perspective – intelligence is inherited from a person’s parents.
- Identical twins raised together, and identical twins raised apart exhibit a higher correlation between IQ scores than siblings or fraternal twins raised together.
Nurture perspective – intelligence is shaped by a child’s developmental environment.
Most psychologists now believe levels of intelligence are a combination of both.

Question 26

What is the theory of range of reaction?

Answer 26

Theory is that each person responds to the environment in a unique way based on their
genetic makeup.
- Genetic makeup is a fixed quantity.
- Whether you reach your full intellectual potential is dependent upon environmental
factors.

Question 27

What is the correlation between genetic and IQ.

Answer 27

The correlations of IQs of unrelated versus related persons reared apart or together suggest a genetic
component to intelligence.

Question 28

Talk about learning differences and language.

Answer 28

Cognitive variations that affect different areas of cognition, particularly language or reading.
- Neurodivergence, not an intellectual/developmental problem.
- Often affect children with average to above-average IQ.

Question 29

Name the three learning disabilities we learned in class.

Answer 29

Dysgraphia, Dyslexia and Dyscalculia.

Question 30

Describe each.