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Anatomy And Physiology > Chapter 7 Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

ossification

A

process where the osteoblasts hardens the soft matrix of the bone with hydroxyapatite

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2
Q

lacunae

A

ossified space where the osteoblasts is trapped

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3
Q

canaliculi

A

tiny channels through the bone that supplies the osteocytes

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4
Q

4 functions of bones

A

support
protection
leverage
storage

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5
Q

osteoblasts

A

secretes the matrix for the bone and then supply the minerals necessary to harden it

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6
Q

hematopoiesis

A

blood cell formation from the bone marrow

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7
Q

cancellous bone

A

light and spongy

organized to be light but strong against all forces

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8
Q

compact bone

A

heavy and dense

make up the outer layer of all bones

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9
Q

haversian system

A

tiny tightly compacted cylinder of bone

makes up the compact bone

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10
Q

periosteum

A

membrane that covers outer surface of bones except for the articular or joint surface

composed of fibrous tissue (outer layer) and osteoblasts (inner layer)

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11
Q

endosteum

A

membrane that lines the hollow interior of bones

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12
Q

osteocytes

A

osteoblasts that are trapped in the ossified tissue

ready to revert back to osteoblasts if injury occurs

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13
Q

osteoclasts

A

cells that can remove bone where it is not needed

allow the body to withdraw calcium from the bones to raise calcium level

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14
Q

3 bone cells

A

osteoblasts
osteocytes
osteoclasts

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15
Q

volkmanns canal

A

channels that tiny blood vessels pass through to reach the haversian canals in the bone

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16
Q

nutrient foramina

A

a large channel through the cortex of a large bone through which large blood vessels pass carrying blood to and from the bone marrow

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17
Q

2 types of bone formation

A

endochondral or cartilage bone formation

intramembranous or membrane bone formation

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18
Q

endochondral bone formation

A

most bones are formed this way

cartilage is used as a template which is later replaced by bone

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19
Q

femur

A

thigh bone

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20
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft of the bone

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21
Q

epiphyses

A

ends of the bone

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22
Q

epiphyseal plates

A

aka growth plate

cartilage plates that are located between the diaphysis and epiphyses

site where the creation of new bone allows the lone bones to lengthen

epiphyseal side creates new cartilage
diaphyseal side replace the cartilage with bone

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23
Q

intramembranous bone formation

A

occurs only in certain skull bones

bone forms in the fibrous tissue membranes cover the brain in the developing fetus

creates the flat bones of the cranium

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24
Q

4 bone shapes

A

long
short
flat
irregular

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25
Q

long bone

A

most bones of the limbs

consist of proximal and distal epiphysis

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26
Q

short bones

A

shaped like small cubes or marshmallow

carpal or tarsal bones

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27
Q

flat bone

A

consist of 2 thin plates of compact bone separated by a layer of cancellous bone

ex. many skull bones, shoulder blades, pelvic bone

28
Q

scapulae

A

shoulder blades

29
Q

irregular bone

A

miscellaneous category of bone shapes

unique characteristics

ex. vertebrae, kneecap, sesamoid bone

30
Q

patella

A

kneecap

31
Q

bone marrow

A

fills space within bones

comes in red and yellow bone marrow

32
Q

vertebrae

A

bone of the spine

33
Q

red bone marrow

A

hematopoietic tissue

form blood cells

34
Q

yellow bone marrow

A

consists of fat

most common bone marrow in adult

can revert back to red bone marrow if needed

35
Q

articular surface

A

joint surface

smooth areas of compact bone where bones come in contact with each other

covered by a smooth thin layer of hyaline cartilage

36
Q

articular cartilage

A

thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering each articular surface

36
Q

condyle

A

usually a large round articular surface

somewhat cylindrical shaped

major condyle: distal end of humerus and femur, and on the occipital bone of the skull

37
Q

head (articular surface)

A

somewhat spherical articular surface on the proximal end of a long bone

38
Q

neck ( articular surface)

A

narrow region where the head of a bone is united to the main shaft of the bone

39
Q

facet

A

flat articular surface

found on carpal and tarsal, vertebrae, radius, ulna

40
Q

process

A

lumps, bumps, or other projections from the bone

could be smooth articular surfaces like condyles or rough nonarticular surfaces for attachment of tendons

41
Q

foramen

A

hole in the bone

usually for a nerve or blood vessel to pass through

42
Q

fossa

A

depressed or sunken area on the surface of the bone

43
Q

axial skeleton

A

skeleton found along the central axis of the body

bones of the head and trunk

44
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

appendages of the trunk and their bones

45
Q

visceral skeleton

A

only in some animals

bones formed in the viscera or soft organs

46
Q

suture

A

jagged, immovable, fibrous joints

47
Q

mandible

A

lower jaw

48
Q

synovial joint

A

freely moving

49
Q

occipital bone

A

single bone that forms the base of the skull

most caudal skull bone

it is where the spinal cord exits the skull

it is the skull bone that articulates with the first cervical vertebrae

50
Q

foramen magnum

A

a large hole in the center of the occipital bone where the spinal cord exits the skull

51
Q

occipital condyle

A

articular surfaces that join with the first cervical vertebra

on either side of the foramen Magnum

52
Q

atlas

A

first cervical vertebra

53
Q

atlantooccipital joint

A

connects the head to the neck

54
Q

interparietal bone

A

two small bones located on the dorsal midline between the occipital and parietal bones

55
Q

parietal bones

A

form the dorsalateral walls of the cranium

large in dogs, cats, humans

small in horses and cattle

56
Q

temporal bones

A

ventral to the parietal bones

form the lateral walls of the cranium

contain the middle and inner ear structure

form the temporomandibular joint with the mandible

58
Q

external acoustic meatus

A

bony canal that leads into the middle and inner ear cavities

59
Q

glenoid cavity

A

part of the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus

60
Q

acromion

A

part of the scapula that articulates with the clavicle

61
Q

capitulum

A

part of the humerus that the head of the ulna fits into

62
Q

troclear notch

A

part of the ulna that fits the trochlea of the humerus

63
Q

acetabulum

A

part of the innominate bone where the head of the femur fits

64
Q

simple fracture

A

A bone fracture that causes little or no damage to the surrounding soft tissues and does not communicate with the surface by an open wound. [aka closed fracture]

65
Q

compound fracture

A
  • A bone fracture in which there is an open wound from the surface down to the fracture. [aka open fracture
66
Q

comminuted fracture

A

A bone fracture in which the bone is broken into several parts

67
Q

greenstick fracture

A

A partial bone fracture, usually occurring in children, in which the bone is bent but only broken on one side

Anatomy And Physiology (15 decks)

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