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Anatomy And Physiology > Chapter 7 Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

ossification

A

process where the osteoblasts hardens the soft matrix of the bone with hydroxyapatite

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2
Q

lacunae

A

ossified space where the osteoblasts is trapped

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3
Q

canaliculi

A

tiny channels through the bone that supplies the osteocytes

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4
Q

4 functions of bones

A

support
protection
leverage
storage

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5
Q

osteoblasts

A

secretes the matrix for the bone and then supply the minerals necessary to harden it

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6
Q

hematopoiesis

A

blood cell formation from the bone marrow

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7
Q

cancellous bone

A

light and spongy

organized to be light but strong against all forces

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8
Q

compact bone

A

heavy and dense

make up the outer layer of all bones

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9
Q

haversian system

A

tiny tightly compacted cylinder of bone

makes up the compact bone

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10
Q

periosteum

A

membrane that covers outer surface of bones except for the articular or joint surface

composed of fibrous tissue (outer layer) and osteoblasts (inner layer)

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11
Q

endosteum

A

membrane that lines the hollow interior of bones

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12
Q

osteocytes

A

osteoblasts that are trapped in the ossified tissue

ready to revert back to osteoblasts if injury occurs

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13
Q

osteoclasts

A

cells that can remove bone where it is not needed

allow the body to withdraw calcium from the bones to raise calcium level

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14
Q

3 bone cells

A

osteoblasts
osteocytes
osteoclasts

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15
Q

volkmanns canal

A

channels that tiny blood vessels pass through to reach the haversian canals in the bone

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16
Q

nutrient foramina

A

a large channel through the cortex of a large bone through which large blood vessels pass carrying blood to and from the bone marrow

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17
Q

2 types of bone formation

A

endochondral or cartilage bone formation

intramembranous or membrane bone formation

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18
Q

endochondral bone formation

A

most bones are formed this way

cartilage is used as a template which is later replaced by bone

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19
Q

femur

A

thigh bone

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20
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft of the bone

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21
Q

epiphyses

A

ends of the bone

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22
Q

epiphyseal plates

A

aka growth plate

cartilage plates that are located between the diaphysis and epiphyses

site where the creation of new bone allows the lone bones to lengthen

epiphyseal side creates new cartilage
diaphyseal side replace the cartilage with bone

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23
Q

intramembranous bone formation

A

occurs only in certain skull bones

bone forms in the fibrous tissue membranes cover the brain in the developing fetus

creates the flat bones of the cranium

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24
Q

4 bone shapes

A

long
short
flat
irregular

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25
long bone
most bones of the limbs consist of proximal and distal epiphysis
26
short bones
shaped like small cubes or marshmallow carpal or tarsal bones
27
flat bone
consist of 2 thin plates of compact bone separated by a layer of cancellous bone ex. many skull bones, shoulder blades, pelvic bone
28
scapulae
shoulder blades
29
irregular bone
miscellaneous category of bone shapes unique characteristics ex. vertebrae, kneecap, sesamoid bone
30
patella
kneecap
31
bone marrow
fills space within bones comes in red and yellow bone marrow
32
vertebrae
bone of the spine
33
red bone marrow
hematopoietic tissue form blood cells
34
yellow bone marrow
consists of fat most common bone marrow in adult can revert back to red bone marrow if needed
35
articular surface
joint surface smooth areas of compact bone where bones come in contact with each other covered by a smooth thin layer of hyaline cartilage
36
articular cartilage
thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering each articular surface
36
condyle
usually a large round articular surface somewhat cylindrical shaped major condyle: distal end of humerus and femur, and on the occipital bone of the skull
37
head (articular surface)
somewhat spherical articular surface on the proximal end of a long bone
38
neck ( articular surface)
narrow region where the head of a bone is united to the main shaft of the bone
39
facet
flat articular surface found on carpal and tarsal, vertebrae, radius, ulna
40
process
lumps, bumps, or other projections from the bone could be smooth articular surfaces like condyles or rough nonarticular surfaces for attachment of tendons
41
foramen
hole in the bone usually for a nerve or blood vessel to pass through
42
fossa
depressed or sunken area on the surface of the bone
43
axial skeleton
skeleton found along the central axis of the body bones of the head and trunk
44
appendicular skeleton
appendages of the trunk and their bones
45
visceral skeleton
only in some animals bones formed in the viscera or soft organs
46
suture
jagged, immovable, fibrous joints
47
mandible
lower jaw
48
synovial joint
freely moving
49
occipital bone
single bone that forms the base of the skull most caudal skull bone it is where the spinal cord exits the skull it is the skull bone that articulates with the first cervical vertebrae
50
foramen magnum
a large hole in the center of the occipital bone where the spinal cord exits the skull
51
occipital condyle
articular surfaces that join with the first cervical vertebra on either side of the foramen Magnum
52
atlas
first cervical vertebra
53
atlantooccipital joint
connects the head to the neck
54
interparietal bone
two small bones located on the dorsal midline between the occipital and parietal bones
55
parietal bones
form the dorsalateral walls of the cranium large in dogs, cats, humans small in horses and cattle
56
temporal bones
ventral to the parietal bones form the lateral walls of the cranium contain the middle and inner ear structure form the temporomandibular joint with the mandible
58
external acoustic meatus
bony canal that leads into the middle and inner ear cavities
59
glenoid cavity
part of the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus
60
acromion
part of the scapula that articulates with the clavicle
61
capitulum
part of the humerus that the head of the ulna fits into
62
troclear notch
part of the ulna that fits the trochlea of the humerus
63
acetabulum
part of the innominate bone where the head of the femur fits
64
simple fracture
A bone fracture that causes little or no damage to the surrounding soft tissues and does not communicate with the surface by an open wound.  [aka closed fracture]
65
compound fracture
- A bone fracture in which there is an open wound from the surface down to the fracture.  [aka open fracture
66
comminuted fracture
A bone fracture in which the bone is broken into several parts
67
greenstick fracture
A partial bone fracture, usually occurring in children, in which the bone is bent but only broken on one side

Anatomy And Physiology (15 decks)

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