Chapter 7: Sensation and Perception= Visual Perception Flashcards
What is reception? Give an example:
The process of detecting and responding to incoming sensory info.
Eg. Catching a falling lamp.
What is transduction?
The process by which the receptors change the energy of the detected sensory info into a form which can travel along nueral pathways to the brain as action potentials.
What is perception?
The process of giving meaning to sensory info, resulting in a personal interpretation of the info.
What is transmission?
The process of sending the sensory info to relevant areas of the brain via the thalamus.
What is interpretation?
The process in which incoming sensory info is given meaning so that it can be understood.
What is perceptual constancy?
The tendency to perceive an object as remaining stable and unchanging despite any changes that may occur to the image cast on the retina.
What is shape constancy? Give an example:
The tendency to perceive an object as maintaining its shape despite any changes of shape in the retina.
Eg. Looking at the front of a book, and then at its side.
What is brightness constancy? Give an example:
The tendency to perceive an object as maintaining its level of brightness in relation to its surroundings, despite changes in the amount of light being reflected from the object to the retina.
Eg. Shadows being cast on your skin when the lights are turned off.
What is perceptual set? Give an example:
The predisposition, or readiness to perceive something in accordance with what we expect it to be.
Eg. Thinking the lyrics of a song are different from how they actually are.
What does context mean?
The setting or environment in which a perception is made.
Define the term emotional state:
How feelings can influence how we perceive visual info.
Define the term past experience:
Refers to our personal experiences throughout our lives.
What is culture?
The way of life of a particular community or group that sets it apart from other communities or groups.
What is motivation?
The internal processes which activate behaviour that we direct towards achieving a particular goal.
What are sensory receptors and where are they located?
They are cells that receive and process sensory info from the eyes, tongue and other sense organs in which they are located.
What is the cornea and what is its function?
Is the covering where light initially enters the eye which protects the eye and helps to focus light onto the retina at the back of the eye.
What is the aqueous humour and what is its function?
A watery fluid which helps to maintain the shape of the eye and provides nutrients and oxygen for the eye and removes waste.
What is the pupil and what is its function?
The opening in the iris that helps to control how much light enters the eye. When there is not much light, the pupil dilates to let in more light, and when there is a lot of light, the pupil contracts to decrease the amount of light let in.
What is the iris and what is its function?
Is the coloured ring of muscle around the pupil, which contracts or expands to change the size of the pupil, which controls how much light is let into the eye.
What is the lens and what is its function?
It is behind the pupil and helps to focus light onto the retina by adjusting its shape depending on the distance of the object being viewed.
What are the ciliary muscles and what are there function?
Are attached to the end of the lens and expand and contract to enable the lens to bulge to focus on nearby objects and flatten to focus on distant objects.
What is the vitreous humour and what is its function?
Is a jelly-like substance which helps to maintain the shape of the eyeball and to focus light.
What is the retina and what is its function?
Receives and absorbs light, processes images, and contains photoreceptors.
What are photoreceptors and what are there function?
Consist of rods and cones, which react to light in different ways.
