Chapter 6: Atypical Development Flashcards
What does the term atypical behavior mean? Give an example.
When someone acts differently to how they normally would.
Eg. Not having a shower for three weeks
What does the term maladaptive behavior mean? Give an example.
Behavior that prevents a person from acting normally.
Eg. Not going to work for a long time when they would normally work every day.
Name the 5 different approaches to normality:
- Socio-cultural approach
- Functional approach
- Medical approach
- Statistical approach
- Situational approach
What is the socio-cultural approach to normality? Give an example.
When a person acts, feels, or thinks in a way that is viewed as normal in the culture and society that they live in.
Eg. Wearing black to a funeral
What is the functional approach to normality? Give an example.
When a person acts, feels, or thinks in a way that shows that they are able to live independantly in society.
Eg. Eating and putting on clothes by yourself
What is the historical approach to normality? Give an example.
Classing a person’s actions, feelings, or thoughts as either normal or abnormal depending on the time period of the culture and society they live in.
Eg. It would be considered abnormal for a woman to wear trousers in the 18th century.
What is the medical approach to normality? Give an example.
When a person acts, feels, or thinks in a way that is a result of a biological cause, which can usually be diagnosed and treated.
Eg. Not walking because of a broken leg.
What does the term adaptive behavior mean? Give an example.
Behavior/actions that allow a person to act normally.
Eg. Walking to the bus stop for school
What is mental health?
The state of well-being in which an individual realises their own abilities, can cope with normal stresses of life, can work productively and is able to contribute to society.
What is a mental health problem? Give an example.
Impairment of mental health that is usually shorter and less severe than a mental disorder and can usually be resolved when the stressor is removed.
Eg. Being anxious for exams
What is a mental health disorder? Give an example
A mental illness that impairs an individual’s ability to function in everyday life.
Eg. Depression
Name the DSM-5:
- Neurocogitive
- Depressive
- Personality
- Feeding and eating
- Sleep wake
What is the DSM-5?
The most widely used system of categories of mental disorders.
What is (mental disorder) labeling used for?
- To describe and recognize a disorder to assist in working out an appropriate management and treatment plan.
- To allow mental health professionals have a common understanding of a disorder.
What does social stigma refer to?
The negative attitudes and beliefs of a society or culture that can cause people to negatively treat those with a mental disorder.
What are positive symptoms of psychotic disorders?
Experiences and behaviour that has been added to a person’s normal functioning.
Name 3 positive symptoms of psychotic disorders:
- Hallucinations
- Delusions
- Disorganised thinking, speech, and behaviour
What are negative symptoms of psychotic disorders?
Behaviour that is taken away from someone’s normal functiooning.
Name 3 negative symptoms of psychotic disorders:
- Loss of interest
- Loss of motivation
- Decrease in emotional expression
What are delusions?
When someone strongly beleives something that is false.
What are hallucinations?
When someone sees, hears, feels, or smells something that is not really there.
Explain what the two-hit hypothesis is:
The idea that 2 events, genetic vulnerability and environmental stress, cause the development of schizophrenia.
What are the treatments for schizophrenia?
- Medication (biological)
- Psycho-therapy (psychological
- Social support (social)
Give 3 examples of psychological factors:
- Response to stress
- Personality traits
- Beliefs and attitudes
Give 3 examples of biological factors:
- Genetics
- Brain chemistry
- Brain activity
Give 3 examples of social factors:
- Family environment
- Relationships
- Lifestyle
What is the biopsychosocial model?
A way of explaining how biological, psychological, and social factors combine and interact to influence a person’s mental health.
What is psychosis? Give an example:
A disorder where a person’s thoughts are disorganised and they have trouble distinguishing between fantasy and reality.
Eg. Schizphrenia
What does it mean to have disorganised speech/thoughts?
Speech and thoughts are ‘all over the place’ and are not organised in a meaningful way, that is difficult to understand.
What does it mean to have disorganised behaviour? Give an example:
When a person behaves in a way that is fragmented, inappropriate, unusual, unpredictable, purposeless, or erratic,
Eg. Shouting and swearing on a train for no reason
What is affective flattening? Give an example:
A decrease in emotional expression.
Eg. Lack of facial expression
What is avolition? Give an example:
A decrease in self-innitiated, purposeful activities.
Eg. Lack of energy for doing anything
What is alogia? Give an example:
A decrease in speech.
Eg. A person may say very little.
What is anhedonia? Give an example:
A decrease in pleasure when doing normally enjoyable activities.
Eg. Remembering past fun experiences as boring
What is schizophrenia?
When a perosn has disorganised behaviour, may see or hear things that don’t exist, have beliefs that are false, and think that they are constantly being watched and that people are trying to hurt them.
