Chapter 3: Role of the brain in mental processes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a neuron and what is its purpose?

A

It is an individual nerve cell that is specialized to receive, process and/or transmit information.

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2
Q

What makes up a neuron?

A
  • Soma (cell body)
  • Axons
  • Myelin sheath
  • Axon terminals
  • Synapses
  • Dendrites
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3
Q

What are the 3 types of neurons?

A
  1. Sensory neurons
  2. Interneurons
  3. Motor neurons
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4
Q

What is the purpose of sensory neurons?

A

To send info from the sensory receptors TOWARDS the central nervous system.

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5
Q

What is the purpose of motor neurons?

A

To send info away from the central nervous system to muscles, organs and glands.

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6
Q

What is the purpose of interneurons?

A

To send information between sensory neurons and motor neurons.

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7
Q

Name the 2 branches of the nervous system:

A
  • Central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)

- Peripheral nervous system (everything else)

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8
Q

What are the 2 branches of the autonomic nervous system?

A
  • Sympathetic (arousing)

- Parasympathetic (calming)

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9
Q

What are the functions of the peripheral nervous system?

A

Transmits sensory info to the central nervous system and transmits motor messages from the spinal cord to appropriate body parts.

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10
Q

What is the purpose of the autonomic nervous system?

A

It coordinates internal bodily functions and controls involuntary activity of internal muscles, organs, and glands.

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11
Q

What is are the functions of the somatic nervous system?

A
  • Transmits sensory info inwards towards the spinal cord
  • Transmits motor messages outwards from the spinal cord to appropriate body parts
  • Controls voluntary movement via its control of the skeletal muscles
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12
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system activate?

A

The flight, fight or freeze response

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13
Q

Name the 3 areas of the cerebral cortex:

A
  • Sensory areas
  • Motor areas
  • Association areas
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14
Q

What is the function of sensory areas in the cerebral cortex?

A

To receive and process info from the senses

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15
Q

What is the function of motor areas in the cerebral cortex?

A

To receive, process and send info about movement

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16
Q

What is the function of association areas in the cerebral cortex?

A

To integrate sensory, motor and other info and is involved in complex mental abilities.

17
Q

What is the cerebral cortex?

A

The convoluted outer layer of the brain

18
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex?

A

-Frontal lobe
-Parietal lobe
-Occipital lobe
-Temporal lobe
(Flower POT)

19
Q

What is the primary motor cortex (in frontal lobe) responsible for?

A

Responsible for the voluntary movement of skeletal muscles

20
Q

What does the frontal lobe contain?

A
  • Primary motor cortex

- Association areas: Broca’s area

21
Q

What is the function of Broca’s area and where is it located?

A
  • Responsible for speech production

- Left side of the frontal lobe

22
Q

What does the parietal lobe contain?

A
  • Somatosensory cortex

- Association areas: Spatial awareness/spatial skills

23
Q

What is the function of the somatosensory cortex (parietal lobe)?

A

Responsible for receiving and processing sensations

24
Q

What does the occipital lobe contain?

A

Primary visual cortex

25
Q

What is the function of the primary visual cortex (occipital lobe)?

A

Responsible for receiving and processing visual info.

26
Q

What does the temporal lobe contain?

A
  • Primary auditory cortex

- Association area: Wernicke’s area

27
Q

What is the function of the primary auditory cortex (temporal lobe)?

A

Responsible for receiving and processing auditory info

28
Q

What is the function of Wernicke’s area (temporal lobe) and where is it located?

A
  • Responsible for language

- Left side of the temporal lobe