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Med Terms - PPT Notes > Chapter 7 - Respiratory > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Respiratory System

A
  1. Inhale fresh air into lungs
  2. Exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide
  3. Exhale stale air
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2
Q

Organs of the Respiratory System

A 
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchial Tubes
Lungs
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3
Q

aer/o

A

air

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4
Q

alveol/o

A

alveolus; air sac

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5
Q

anthrac/o

A

coal

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6
Q

atel/o

A

incomplete

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7
Q

bronch/o; bronchi/o

A

bronchus

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8
Q

bronchiol/o

A

bronchiole

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9
Q

coni/o

A

dust

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10
Q

diaphragmat/o

A

diaphragm

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11
Q

epiglott/o

A

epiglottis

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12
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx

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13
Q

lob/o

A

lobe

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14
Q

nas/o; rhin/o

A

nose

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15
Q

muc/o

A

mucus

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16
Q

orth/o

A

straight; upright

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17
Q

ox/o; ox/I

A

oxygen

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18
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx

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19
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura

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20
Q

pneum/o; pneumon/o

A

lung; air

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21
Q

pulmon/o

A

lung

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22
Q

sept/o

A

wall

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23
Q

sinus/o

A

sinus; cavity

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24
Q

spir/o

A

breathing

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25
Q

trache/o

A

trachea; windpipe

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26
Q

tuss/o

A

cough

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27
Q

–capnia

A

carbon dioxide

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28
Q

–osmia

A

smell

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29
Q

–phonia

A

voice

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30
Q

–plegia

A

paralysis

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31
Q

–pnea

A

breathing

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32
Q

–ptysis

A

spitting

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33
Q

–spasm

A

involuntary muscle contraction

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34
Q

–thorax

A

chest

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35
Q

Cells of body require constant gas exchange for?

A
  1. Delivery of oxygen

2. Removal of carbon dioxide

36
Q

Respiratory system subdivisions:

A
  1. Ventilation
  2. Inhalation
  3. Exhalation
37
Q

Ventilation is?

A

Flow of air between outside environment and lungs

38
Q

Inhalation is?

A

Flow of air into lungs that brings fresh oxygen into air sacs

39
Q

Exhalation is?

A

Flow of air out of lungs that removes carbon dioxide from body

40
Q

External Respiration

A
  • Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in lungs
  • Gases diffuse in opposite directions
  • Oxygen leaves air sacs and enters blood stream
  • Carbon dioxide leaves blood stream and enters air sacs
41
Q

Internal Respiration

A
  • Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange at cellular level
  • Oxygen leaves bloodstream and is delivered to tissue (used immediately for metabolism)
  • Carbon dioxide (waste product of metabolism) leaves tissue and enters bloodstream
42
Q

Cilia

A
  • Small hairs line opening to nasal cavity

* Filter out large dirt particles before they can enter lungs

43
Q

Walls of nasal cavity and nasal septum

A
  • Made of flexible cartilage

* Covered with mucous membrane

44
Q

Mucus

A
  • Thick & sticky secretion of membrane
  • Cleanses air by trapping dust and bacteria
  • Membrane covers most of respiratory tract
45
Q

Capillaries in mucous membrane function?

A
  • Warm air

* Humidify air

46
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A
  • Located within facial bones
  • Echo chamber for sound production
  • Gives resonance to voice
47
Q

Vocal Cords

A
  • Glottis folds of membranous tissue
  • Not actually cord-like in structure
  • Vibrate to produce sound as air passes through opening between folds
48
Q

Glottis

A

Folds of membranous tissue. Vocal cords. Vibrate to produce sound.

49
Q

Trachea

A
  • Tube composed of smooth muscle & cartilage rings
  • Lined with mucous
  • Membrane and cilia that assists in cleansing; warming; and moisturizing air as it travels to lungs
50
Q

The bronchial tree

A

Each main bronchus enters a lung; then branches into smaller and smaller primary bronchi; secondary bronchi; and bronchioles ending at alveoli

51
Q

Alveoli

A
  • Bronchiole terminations

* Approx 150 million in each lung

52
Q

Bronchioles

A
  • Narrow branches from bronchi

* Terminate at alveoli

53
Q

Respiratory Membrane

A
  • Where external respiration takes place

* Formed from alveoli wall & capillary wall

54
Q

Pulmonary capillaries

A

Encase each alveolus

55
Q

Pleura

A

Parietal & visceral layers in chest cavity with serous fluid between

56
Q

Parietal pleura

A

Outer membrane that lines wall of chest cavity

57
Q

Visceral pleura

A

Inner membrane that adheres to surface of lungs

58
Q

Pleural cavity

A

Folded pleura to form a sac around each lung

59
Q

Serous fluid

A

Between two pleural layers reduces friction when two layers rub together during ventilation

60
Q

Pulmonary Function Tests

A
  • Measure actual volume of air flowing in and out of lungs

* Determine lung capacity

61
Q

Respiratory therapist

A

*Measures lung volumes through pulmonary function tests

62
Q

Diaphragm

A
  • Muscle that separates abdomen from thoracic cavity
  • Contracts and moves down into abdominal cavity
  • Causes decrease of pressure; negative pressure; within chest cavity
  • Air then enters lungs (inhalation) to equalize pressure
63
Q

Intercostal muscles

A
  • Located between ribs
  • Raise rib cage to further enlarge thoracic cavity *Increases negative pressure
  • Assists with forceful inhalation
64
Q

Unforced exhale results when?

A
  • Diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax
  • Thoracic cavity becomes smaller
  • Creates positive thoracic pressure
  • Air flows out of lungs to equalize pressure
65
Q

For forceful exhale:

A
  • Use additional chest and neck muscles to further decrease size of thoracic cavity
  • Create greater positive pressure
66
Q

Respiratory Rate

A
  • One of the vital signs (VS)

* Dependent on level of CO2 in blood

67
Q

When CO2 level is high we?

A

We breathe more rapidly to expel excess CO2 when?

68
Q

If CO2 levels drop?

A

Respiratory rate will also drop until CO2 builds up in bloodstream

69
Q

Vital signs (VS)

A

Respiratory rate; heart rate; temperature & blood pressure

70
Q

Hypoxia

A

Condition of insufficient oxygen

71
Q

Pyothorax

A

Pus in the chest (cavity)

72
Q

Pansinusitis

A

Inflammation of all sinuses

73
Q

Tachypnea

A

Breathing too fast

74
Q

Apnea

A

Without breathing

75
Q

Pneumoconiosis

A

Abnormal condition of dust in the lungs

76
Q

Atelectasis

A

Incomplete dilation (collapsed)

77
Q

Pneumonia

A

Lung condition

78
Q

Laryngoscope

A

Instrument to visually examine larynx

79
Q

Laryngoscopy

A

Process of visually examining the larynx

80
Q

Oximeter

A

Instrument to measure oxygen

81
Q

Oximetry

A

Process of measuring oxygen

82
Q

Thoracentesis

A

The needle is inserted between the ribs to withdraw fluid from the pleural sac at the base of the left lung.

83
Q

Endotracheal

A

Pertaining to within the trachea

84
Q

Lobectomy

A

Surgical removal of a lobe (of the lung)

85
Q

Thoracocentesis

A

Puncture to withdraw fluid from the chest

86
Q

Cardiopulmonary

A

Pertaining to the heart and lungs

Med Terms - PPT Notes (4 decks)

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