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Med Terms - PPT Notes > Ch 13 PPT Notes > Flashcards

Ch 13 PPT Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the Eye

A

Contains sensory receptors for vision

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2
Q

Structures of the Eye

A

Sclera; Choroid; Retina; Eyeball; Conjunctiva; Eye muscles; Eyelids; Lacrimal apparatus

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3
Q

ambly/o

A

dull or dim

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4
Q

aque/o

A

water

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5
Q

blast/o

A

immature; embryonic

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6
Q

blephar/o

A

eyelid

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7
Q

chromat/o

A

color

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8
Q

conjunctiv/o

A

conjunctiva

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9
Q

corne/o; kerat/o

A

cornea

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10
Q

cycl/o

A

ciliary muscle

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11
Q

dacry/o; lacrim/o

A

tear; tear duct

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12
Q

dipl/o

A

double

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13
Q

emmetr/o

A

correct; proper

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14
Q

glauc/o

A

gray

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15
Q

ir/o; irid/o

A

iris

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16
Q

macul/o

A

macula lutea

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17
Q

mi/o

A

lessening

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18
Q

mydr/i

A

widening

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19
Q

nyctal/o

A

night

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20
Q

ocul/o; ophthalm/o

A

eye

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21
Q

opt/o; optic/o

A

eye; vision

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22
Q

papill/o

A

optic disk

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23
Q

phac/o

A

lens

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24
Q

phot/o

A

light

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25
Q

presby/o

A

old age

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26
Q

pupill/o

A

pupil

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27
Q

retin/o

A

retina

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28
Q

scler/o

A

sclera

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29
Q

stigmat/o

A

point

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30
Q

uve/o

A

vascular

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31
Q

vitre/o

A

glassy

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32
Q

–ician

A

specialist

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33
Q

–metrist

A

one who measures

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34
Q

–opia

A

vision condition

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35
Q

–opsia

A

vision condition

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36
Q

–tropia

A

turned condition

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37
Q

Ophthalmology (Ophth)

A

Study of the eye

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38
Q

Eyeball

A

Organ of sight; Transmits external image using sensory impulses via optic nerve to brain; Brain translates sensory impulses into image

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39
Q

The Eyeball Composed of three layers:

A

Sclera; Choroid; Retina

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40
Q

Optic Disk

A

Point where the optic nerve leaves eyeball.
Retinal blood vessels enter and leave through optic disk.
No rods or cones (results in blind spot in each eye’s field of vision).

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41
Q

Aqueous humor

A

Watery fluid.

Located between cornea and lens.

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42
Q

Vitreous humor

A

Semi-solid gel.

Located between lens and retina.

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43
Q

Six muscles that connect eyeball to skull

A

4 rectus muscles pull straight.
2 oblique muscles pull on an angle.
Contract in combination to change direction in which each eye is looking.

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44
Q

Eyelids

A

A pair cover each eyeball.
Provide protection from foreign particles, injury, sun & trauma.
Both upper and lower edges have eyelashes or cilia that protect eye from foreign particles.

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45
Q

Sebaceous glands located in eyelids

A

Secrete a lubricating oil onto surface of eyeball

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46
Q

Conjunctiva

A

A mucous membrane.
Forms continuous covering on underside of each eyelid and across anterior surface of each eyeball.
Protects eyeball.

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47
Q

Lacrimal gland

A

Located under outer upper corner of each eyelid.
Produces tears.
Tears wash and lubricate anterior surface of eyeball.

48
Q

Lacrimal ducts

A

Located in inner corner of eye socket.
Collect tears.
Drain into nasolacrimal duct.
Ultimately drain into nasal cavity.

49
Q

Vision requires four mechanisms:

A

(1) Coordination of external eye muscles so that both eyes move together (2) Correct amount of light admitted by pupil (3) Correct focus of light upon retina by lens (4) Optic nerve transmitting sensory images to brain

50
Q

Function of the Ear

A

Contains sensory receptors for hearing and equilibrium (balance)

51
Q

Structures of the Ear

A

Auricle
External ear
Middle ear
Inner ear

52
Q

acous/o; audi/o; audit/o

A

hearing

53
Q

cerumin/o

A

cerumen

54
Q

cochle/o

A

cochlea

55
Q

labyrinth/o

A

labyrinth (inner ear)

56
Q

myring/o

A

tympanic membrane(eardrum)

57
Q

aur/o; auricul/o; ot/o

A

ear

58
Q

salping/o

A

auditory tube; eustachian tube

59
Q

staped/o

A

stapes

60
Q

tympan/o

A

eardrum

61
Q

–cusis

A

hearing

62
Q

–otia

A

ear condition

63
Q

Otology (Oto)

A

Study of the ear

64
Q

Audiology

A

Study of hearing disorders

65
Q

Ear responsible for two senses:

A

Hearing & equilibrium or sense of balance

66
Q

Sensory information carried to brain by

A

vestibulocochlear nerve

67
Q

Cochlear nerve

A

hearing information

68
Q

Vestibular nerve

A

balance information

69
Q

Ear is subdivided into three regions:

A

External ear; Middle ear; Inner ear

70
Q

Eustachian Tube

A

Auditory tube.
Connects nasopharynx with middle ear.
Opens with each swallow.
Equalizes pressure between middle ear cavity and atmospheric pressure

71
Q

bi/o

A

life

72
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx

73
Q

myc/o

A

fungus

74
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

75
Q

presby/o

A

old age

76
Q

py/o

A

pus

77
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

78
Q

Sclera

A

White of the eye.
Outermost layer of eyeball.
Tough protective layer.
Anterior portion- cornea.

79
Q

Cornea

A

Anterior portion of sclera.
Clear, transparent.
Allows light to enter.
Bends or refracts light rays.

80
Q

Choroid

A

Middle layer of eyeball.
Provides blood supply for eye.
Anterior portion: iris, pupil & ciliary body.

81
Q

Iris

A

Colored portion of eye.
Anterior part of choroid layer.
Smooth muscle that changes size of pupil.

82
Q

Pupil

A

Opening in center of iris within choroid layer of eyeball.

Allows light to enter into eyeball.

83
Q

Lens

A

Behind iris.
Not actually part of choroid layer.
Attached to ciliary body.

84
Q

Ciliary body

A

Pulls on edge of lens,

Changes shape of lens to focus light on retina.

85
Q

Retina

A

Contains sensory receptor cells that detect light rays.

Rods, cones, macula lutea & fovea centralis.

86
Q

Rods

A

Within retina.
Active in dim light.
See gray tones.

87
Q

Cones

A

Within retina.
Active only in bright light.
Color vision.

88
Q

Macula lutea

A

Area of retina where image forms.

89
Q

Fovea centralis

A

Depression in center of macula lutea.
High # of cones.
Point of clearest vision.

90
Q

How we see?

A

1) Light rays pass thru cornea, pupil, aqueous humor, lens & vitreous humor.
2) Strikes retina to stimulate rods & cones.
3) Upside down image on retina.
4) Optic nerve transmits to brain.
5) Brain turns right side up.

91
Q

Presbyopia

A

Visual loss due to old age.

92
Q

Xerophthalmia

A

Dry eyes.

Xero = dry

93
Q

Astigmatism

A

Blurred vision due to uneven cornea.

Light rays do not focus sharply on retina.

94
Q

Cataract

A

Damage to lens causing it to become cloudy.

95
Q

Glaucoma

A

Chronic increase in intraocular pressure.

Results in atrophy of optic nerve.

96
Q

Muscular degeneration.

A

Deterioration of macula lutea area of retina.

97
Q

Myopia

A

Image comes into focus in front of retina.
Can see close but not at distance.
Farsighted.

98
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

Inflammation of the conjunctiva.
Usually bacterial infection.
Pink eye.

99
Q

Strabismus

A

Eye muscle weakness resulting in eyes looking in different directions at same time.

100
Q

External ear

A

Auricle or pinna.
Auditory canal.
Cerumen (earwax).
Tympanic membrane (eardrum).

101
Q

External ear: Auricle or pinna

A

Only visible portion.

Captures sound waves & directs through external auditory meatus.

102
Q

External ear: auditory canal

A

Sound moves along canal

103
Q

External ear: Cerumen

A

Earwax.
Produced by oil glands in auditory canal.
Oily wax slowly moves out ear canal removing dirt stuck to it.

104
Q

External ear: tympanic membrane

A

Eardrum.
Sound waves strike membrane causes it to vibrate.
Separates external & middle ear.

105
Q

Middle ear

A

Small cavity located in temporal bone of skull.

Contains ossicles.

106
Q

Ossicles

A

Tiny bones in middle ear:
Malleus
Incus
Stapes

107
Q

Ossicles function:

A

Tympanic membrane vibrates incus.
Vibrations amplify as they move from ossicle to next.
Stapes transmits vibration to oval window (start of inner ear).

108
Q

Oval window

A

Start of inner ear.

109
Q

Inner ear

A

Labyrinth.

Contains sensory organs.

110
Q

Labyrinth

A

Cavity within temporal bone.

Houses inner ear.

111
Q

Hearing organs:

A

Cochlea

Organs of corti

112
Q

Equilibrium organs:

A

Semicircular canals
Utricle
Saccule

113
Q

Conductive hearing loss:

A

Disease or malformation of outer or middle ear.

All sound is weaker & muffled since it is not conducted correctly to inner ear.

114
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss:

A

Damage or malformation to inner ear (cochlea) or cochlear nerve.
Sounds are distorted because nerve impulse is incorrect.

115
Q

Ottis media

A

Infection of middle ear.
Common in children.
Watery fluid or pus accumulation.

116
Q

Pressure equalizing tube (PE tube)

A

Surgical placement of tube in eardrum to allow for continuous drainage of fluid from middle ear cavity.

117
Q

Cochlear implant

A

Mechanical device surgically placed behind outer ear.
Converts sound to magnetic impulses to stimulate auditory nerve.
Treats sensorineural hearing loss.

Med Terms - PPT Notes (4 decks)

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