Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Med Terms - PPT Notes > Ch 12 PPT Notes > Flashcards

Ch 12 PPT Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Nervous System

A

Coordinates and controls body function.
Receives sensory input.
Makes decisions.
Orders body responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Organs of Nervous System

A

Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

alges/o

A

sense of pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

astr/o

A

star

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cephal/o

A

head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cerebell/o

A

cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

clon/o

A

rapid contracting and relaxing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

dur/o

A

dura mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

esthes/o

A

sensation; feeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

gli/o

A

glue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

medull/o

A

medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

mening/o; meningi/o

A

meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

poli/o

A

gray matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

pont/o

A

pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

radicul/o

A

nerve root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

thalam/o

A

thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

thec/o

A

sheath (meninges)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

–paresis

A

weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

–phasia

A

speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

–plegia

A

paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

–taxia

A

muscle coordination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

–trophic

A

pertaining to development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Nervous system is divided into:

A

Central nervous system (CNS)

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Central nervous system consists of:

A

Brain

Spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Peripheral nervous system consists of:

A

Cranial nerves

Spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Nervous system composed of two types of cells

A

Neurons

Neuroglial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Neurons

A

Individual nerve cells; Capable of conducting electrical impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Neurons have three basic parts:

A

Dendrites
Nerve cell body
Axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Dendrites

A

Highly branched projections that receive impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Nerve cell body

A

Contains nucleus & organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Axon

A

Conducts electrical impulse to destination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Synapse

A

“Gap”

Point where axon of one neuron meets dendrite of second neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

Gap between two neurons in a synapse.

Electrical impulse cannot cross.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Chemical released by axon.

Crosses gap to stimulate dendrite of second neuron.

40
Q

Neuroglial cells

A

Variety of cells found in nervous tissue.
Each has different support function for neurons.
Some produce myelin.
Cells do not conduct electrical impulses.

41
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Combination of the brain and spinal cord

42
Q

Central Nervous System Function

A

Receives impulses from all over body.
Processes this information.
Responds with action.

43
Q

What are tracts?

A

Bundles of nerve fibers interconnecting different parts of CNS.

44
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Consists of both gray and white matter

45
Q

Gray matter

A

Comprised of unsheathed or uncovered cell bodies and dendrites

46
Q

White matter

A

Myelinated nerve fibers

47
Q

Brain

A

One of the largest organs in body.
Coordinates most body activities.
Center for thoughts, memory, judgement & emotion.

48
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

Outer layer of cerebrum.

Composed of folds of gray matter.

49
Q

Gyri

A

Elevated portions of the cerebrum or convolutions.

50
Q

Sulci

A

Fissures or valleys between gyri

51
Q

Lobes of Cerebrum

A

Subdivided into left & right halves called cerebral hemispheres.

52
Q

Each cerebral hemisphere has four lobes:

A

Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe

53
Q

Thalamus

A

Within diencephalon.
Controls perception of pain.
Center for relaying impulses from eyes, ears & skin to cerebrum.

54
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Within diencephalon.
Controls body temperature, appetite, sleep, sexual desire & emotions.
Controls autonomic nervous system, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal system & release of hormones from pituitary gland.

55
Q

Cerebellum

A

Second largest portion of brain.
Located beneath posterior part of cerebrum.
Aids in coordinating involuntary body movement & maintaining balance & equilibrium.
Refines muscular movements initiated in cerebrum.

56
Q

Brain Stem has (3) components:

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

57
Q

Midbrain

A

Brain stem component:

Acts as pathway for impulses between brain and spinal cord

58
Q

Pons

A

Brain stem component:
Means bridge.
Connects cerebellum to rest of brain.

59
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Brain stem component:
Most inferior portion of brain.
Connects brain to spinal cord.

60
Q

Brain Ventricles

A

Cavities containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

61
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

Watery, clear fluid.

Provides shock protection for CNS.

62
Q

Brain Ventricle Locations:

A

One in each cerebral hemisphere.
One in thalamus.
One in front of cerebellum.

63
Q

Spinal Cord

A

Extends from medulla oblongata to second lumbar vertebra

64
Q

Spinal cord within vertebral column

A

33 vertebrae of back bone:
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar & sacral.
Line up to form continuous canal.
Called spinal cavity or vertebral canal.

65
Q

Spinal Cord

A

Protected by cerebrospinal fluid that flows through central canal down through spinal cord.

66
Q

Outer portion of spinal cord is myelinated white matter

A

Ascending tracts carry sensory information up to brain.

Descending tracts carry motor commands down from brain to peripheral nerve

67
Q

Meninges

A

Encases entire CNS.
Protective membrane sac.
(3) layers: dura mater; arachnoid layer; pia mater

68
Q

Dura mater

A

“Tough mother”; outermost tough fiberous sac around CNS

69
Q

Arachnoid layer

A

Means spider-like; Thin; delicate layer attached to pia mater by web-like filaments

70
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

Between arachnoid layer and pia mater; Contains cerebrospinal fluid

71
Q

Pia mater

A

“Soft mother”; Innermost membrane layer; Applied directly to surface of brain

72
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Consists of:

A

12 pairs of cranial nerves; 31 pairs of spinal nerves

73
Q

Cranial nerves

A

Arise from brain

74
Q

Spinal nerves

A

Split off from spinal cord; One pair (left and right) exit between each pair of vertebrae

75
Q

A nerve:

A

Is a bundle of axon fibers located outside CNS; Carries messages between CNS and various parts of body

76
Q

Nerve root

A

Point where nerve is attached to CNS

77
Q

Names of most nerves reflect:

A

Organ the nerve serves; Portion of body the nerve is traveling through

78
Q

Neurons

A

Each nerve can carry information both to and from CNS; But any individual neuron can carry information in only one direction

79
Q

Neuron Types:

A

Afferent neuron; Efferent neuron

80
Q

Afferent neurons

A

Also called sensory neurons; Carry sensory information from sensory receptor to CNS

81
Q

Efferent neurons

A

Also called motor neurons; Carry activity instructions from CNS to muscles or glands

82
Q

Divisions of PNS

A

Nerves of PNS are subdivided into two divisions:
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) & Somatic nerves.
Each division serves different area of body.

83
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

A

Control of involuntary or unconscious bodily functions

84
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) divided into 2 branches:

A

Sympathetic branch & Parasympathetic branch

85
Q

ANS: Sympathetic branch

A

“Fight or flight”
Stimulates body in times of stress and crisis.
Increases heart rate, dilates airways, increases blood pressure, inhibits digestion & stimulates production of adrenaline.

86
Q

ANS: Parasympathetic branch

A

“Rest”
Serves as counterbalance for sympathetic nerves.
Causes heart rate to slow down, lowers blood pressure & stimulates digestion.

87
Q

Nervous System

A

Coordinates all activity of body:
Receives info from sensory receptors.
Uses info to adjust activity of muscles & glands.

88
Q

Myelin?

A

A fatty substance that acts as insulation for many axons.

89
Q

Four sections of the brain:

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Brain stem

90
Q

Cerebrum

A

Largest section.
Upper portion.
Processes thoughts, judgement, memory, association skills & ability to discriminate between items.

91
Q

Cerebrum Frontal Lobe:

A

Most anterior lobe.

Controls motor function, personality & speech.

92
Q

Cerebrum parietal lobe:

A

Most superior portion.
Receives & interprets nerve impulses.
Interprets language.

93
Q

Cerebrum occipital lobe:

A

Most posterior.

Controls vision.

94
Q

Cerebrum temporal lobe:

A

Left & right lateral portion.

Controls hearing & smell.

95
Q

Diencephalon:

A

Located below cerebrum.

Contains 2 most critical areas: thalamus & hypothalamus.

96
Q

Somatic Nerves

A

Mainly involved with conscious and voluntary activities of body.
Serve skin and skeletal muscles (carry information from sensory receptors of skin such as touch, temperature, pressure & pain).
Carry motor commands to skeletal muscles.

Med Terms - PPT Notes (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions