Chapter 7: Psychosocial Interventions and Spiritual Care - Exam 2 Flashcards
Complementary care comprises a variety of adjunctive interventions, including”
- OTC supplements
- Exercise and diet interventions
- Acupuncture
What is integrative health?
describes holistic approaches, including complementary and conventional treatments
Various models of psychotherapy exist like psychoanalysis. what are some others?
Interpersonal psychotherapy
reality therapy
cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT)
Which type of therapy was originated by Freud?
Psychoanalysis; considered the historical foundation for individual therapy
What is the goal of psychoanalysis?
for the client to gain insight about current relationships and behavior patterns by confronting unconscious conflicts
What is psychoanalytic psychotherapy?
a briefer version of psychoanalysis that is focused on specific conflicts
subsections include free association, dream analysis, hypnosis, and catharsis
Interpersonal therapy (a form of psychotherapy) assumes that symptoms of depression are correlated with difficulties in __________
interpersonal relations
Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) addresses current problems (the “here and now”) and relationships rather than ____________
childhood or developmental issues
A central idea in IPT is that psychological symptoms can be understood as a response to ____________
current difficulties in everyday relationships, therefore IPT aims to change relationship patterns rather than the associated symptoms as well as target relationship difficulties that exacerbate these symptoms
What is reality therapy?
predicated on the belief that individuals behave in ways to fulfill 5 basic needs: power, belonging, freedom, fun, and survival
How is reality therapy controversial?
- Views behaviors as choices; psychological symptoms are not a result of mental health conditions, but rather consequences of unfulfilled basic needs
- focuses on the present
- ignores presence of mental health conditions
- opposes medications
What is choice theory?
an individual can control only their own behavior. You have little power over others’ thoughts and actions
In reality therapy a therapist helps a client identify ______ that are not being met
needs;
after identifying these needs, the client will then be able to change behavior to effectively meets needs
what is cognitive behavioral therapy?
originally developed to treat mood disorders
focuses on changing automatic thought patterns that contribute to mood and thought disturbances
What is an automatic thought? Examples?
negative self-talk that appears immediately with out a person even being aware of forming that thought
“I’m such a failure at everything I do.”
“He thinks I’m a god damn idiot”
What are some core principles of CBT
- psychological problems are based in part, on faulty or unhelpful thinking or learned patterns of unhelpful behavior.
- People suffering can learn better ways of coping with psychological problems thereby relieving their symptoms
What is dialectical behavioral therapy
originally used to treat patients with borderline personality disorder and suicidal ideation
similar foundation to CBT
Focuses on regulating troubling emotions by learning nonjudgmental self acceptance, distress tolerance, interpersonal effectiveness, and structuring the environment to reinforce progress
Dialectical behavior therapy DBT is a type of talk therapy for people who experience emotions very ___________
experience emotions very intensely; common for BPD patients
“Dialectical” means combining opposite ideas. DBT focuses on helping people accept the _____________ as well as helping them learn to ____________, including their ___________
reality of their lives; change their lives; unhelpful behaviors
What is Milieu therapy
Milieu therapy, or therapeutic community is defined as a scientific structuring of the environment to effect behavioral changes and to improve the psychological health and functioning of the individual
where do we typically see milieu therapy?
psychiatric inpatient hospitals; patients are able to participate in activities such as art therapy, music therapy, group therapy. Typically short term activities that can hopefully provide a lesson to the patient
How would milieu therapy benefit a patient
therapeutic community setting, the hope is the client will learn adaptive coping, social skills that can be applied to others parts of their lives
Conditions that promote a therapeutic community
containment
structure
involvement
support
validation
The program of therapeutic community
interdisciplinary team
(social work, music, chaplan, nursing, psychology) create a comprehensive treatment plan
What is the role of the nurse in mileu therapy
nurses manage the therapeutic environment;
example: if a patient is agitated/noncompliant, they are disrupting the milieu (other patients just trying to recover)
Nurses have many responsibilities in the milieu including
med admin
client education
setting limits on unacceptable behavior
what is a milieu
a milieu is both “surroundings” and everything that makes up the surroundings
Why is establishing a therapeutic milieu important in a psychiatric setting?
safety and security; the milieu hopefully provides a environment that will positively affect a patients behavior. this facilitates learning a development skills
Six principles of a therapeutic milieu
- contagious calmness
- respect
- nurse’s care
- intellectual engagement
- caritas (love)
- safe and restorative physical surroundings
How do nurses manage a therapeutic environment in milieu therapy?
nursing process
nurses have the responsibility for ensuring that the patient’s _________ and __________ needs are met
physiological;psychological
what is relaxation therapy?
an effective means of reducing stress response that can counteract the physiological and behavioral manifestations of stress
methods of relaxation include:
deep breathing
meditation
mental imagery
biofeedback
____________ communication and behavior is an important skill for nurses to develop and practice
assertive
The goal of assertiveness training is teaching clients to _______
express what they fell and need without becoming defensive or violating the rights of others
Assessing a patient’s ________ needs is an important aspect of holistic nursing care
holistic
what principles is holistic nursing care based on
that a patient’s biological, social, psychological and spiritual aspects are interconnected. These aspects fit together to form a unique person
what is spiritual intelligence?
the human capaacity to ask questions about the ultimate meaning of life and the integrated relationship between us and the world we live in
Spiritual care involves the values of _____, ______, love. and _______
faith, hope, forgiveness
Assessing the spiritual needs of a patients with psychotic disorders can pose challenges.
how so?
patient may have religious delusions, they may believe they are a profit or a reincarnation of Jesus Christ.
what are some Nursing dx for spiritual and religious needs?
- Spiritual distress
- readiness for enhanced spiritual well being
- impaired religiosity
- readiness for enhanced religiosity
What are some outcomes to evaluate the effectiveness of nursing interventions?
- verbalizes acceptance of self worth
- accepts and incorporates change into life
- identifies meaning and purpose in life that reinforce hope, peace, and contentment
Cognitive behavioral therapy is used to treat these disorders
schizophrenia, mood disorders, personality disorders, PTSD, substance abuse
what is the focus of CBT?
the focus is changing automatic thought patterns that contribute to mood and thought disturbances
what is an example of “personalizing”
a type of automatic thought pattern
“Im the only one who failed that test!”
what is an example of “all or nothing” thinking
a type of automatic thought pattern
“im a failure at every god damn thing i do!”
what is an example of “mind reading”
a type of automatic thought pattern
“he thinks im a dumbass!!”
what is an example of “discounting positivies”
an automaic thought pattern
“even though i got the promotion, its probably only because no one else wanted it!”
