Chapter 7: Psychosocial Interventions and Spiritual Care - Exam 2

Question 1

Complementary care comprises a variety of adjunctive interventions, including”

Answer 1

• OTC supplements
• Exercise and diet interventions
• Acupuncture

Question 2

What is integrative health?

Answer 2

describes holistic approaches, including complementary and conventional treatments

Question 3

Various models of psychotherapy exist like psychoanalysis. what are some others?

Answer 3

Interpersonal psychotherapy
reality therapy
cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT)

Question 4

Which type of therapy was originated by Freud?

Answer 4

Psychoanalysis; considered the historical foundation for individual therapy

Question 5

What is the goal of psychoanalysis?

Answer 5

for the client to gain insight about current relationships and behavior patterns by confronting unconscious conflicts

Question 6

What is psychoanalytic psychotherapy?

Answer 6

a briefer version of psychoanalysis that is focused on specific conflicts

subsections include free association, dream analysis, hypnosis, and catharsis

Question 7

Interpersonal therapy (a form of psychotherapy) assumes that symptoms of depression are correlated with difficulties in __________

Answer 7

interpersonal relations

Question 8

Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) addresses current problems (the “here and now”) and relationships rather than ____________

Answer 8

childhood or developmental issues

Question 9

A central idea in IPT is that psychological symptoms can be understood as a response to ____________

Answer 9

current difficulties in everyday relationships, therefore IPT aims to change relationship patterns rather than the associated symptoms as well as target relationship difficulties that exacerbate these symptoms

Question 10

What is reality therapy?

Answer 10

predicated on the belief that individuals behave in ways to fulfill 5 basic needs: power, belonging, freedom, fun, and survival

Question 11

How is reality therapy controversial?

Answer 11

• Views behaviors as choices; psychological symptoms are not a result of mental health conditions, but rather consequences of unfulfilled basic needs
• focuses on the present
• ignores presence of mental health conditions
• opposes medications

Question 12

What is choice theory?

Answer 12

an individual can control only their own behavior. You have little power over others’ thoughts and actions

Question 13

In reality therapy a therapist helps a client identify ______ that are not being met

Answer 13

needs;

after identifying these needs, the client will then be able to change behavior to effectively meets needs

Question 14

what is cognitive behavioral therapy?

Answer 14

originally developed to treat mood disorders

focuses on changing automatic thought patterns that contribute to mood and thought disturbances

Question 15

What is an automatic thought? Examples?

Answer 15

negative self-talk that appears immediately with out a person even being aware of forming that thought

“I’m such a failure at everything I do.”

“He thinks I’m a god damn idiot”

Question 16

What are some core principles of CBT

Answer 16

• psychological problems are based in part, on faulty or unhelpful thinking or learned patterns of unhelpful behavior.
• People suffering can learn better ways of coping with psychological problems thereby relieving their symptoms

Question 17

What is dialectical behavioral therapy

Answer 17

originally used to treat patients with borderline personality disorder and suicidal ideation

similar foundation to CBT

Focuses on regulating troubling emotions by learning nonjudgmental self acceptance, distress tolerance, interpersonal effectiveness, and structuring the environment to reinforce progress

Question 18

Dialectical behavior therapy DBT is a type of talk therapy for people who experience emotions very ___________

Answer 18

experience emotions very intensely; common for BPD patients

Question 19

“Dialectical” means combining opposite ideas. DBT focuses on helping people accept the _____________ as well as helping them learn to ____________, including their ___________

Answer 19

reality of their lives; change their lives; unhelpful behaviors

Question 20

What is Milieu therapy

Answer 20

Milieu therapy, or therapeutic community is defined as a scientific structuring of the environment to effect behavioral changes and to improve the psychological health and functioning of the individual

Question 21

where do we typically see milieu therapy?

Answer 21

psychiatric inpatient hospitals; patients are able to participate in activities such as art therapy, music therapy, group therapy. Typically short term activities that can hopefully provide a lesson to the patient

Question 22

How would milieu therapy benefit a patient

Answer 22

therapeutic community setting, the hope is the client will learn adaptive coping, social skills that can be applied to others parts of their lives

Question 23

Conditions that promote a therapeutic community

Answer 23

containment
structure
involvement
support
validation

Question 24

The program of therapeutic community

Answer 24

interdisciplinary team
(social work, music, chaplan, nursing, psychology) create a comprehensive treatment plan

Question 25

What is the role of the nurse in mileu therapy

Answer 25

nurses manage the therapeutic environment;
example: if a patient is agitated/noncompliant, they are disrupting the milieu (other patients just trying to recover)

Question 26

Nurses have many responsibilities in the milieu including

Answer 26

med admin
client education
setting limits on unacceptable behavior

Question 27

what is a milieu

Answer 27

a milieu is both “surroundings” and everything that makes up the surroundings

Question 28

Why is establishing a therapeutic milieu important in a psychiatric setting?

Answer 28

safety and security; the milieu hopefully provides a environment that will positively affect a patients behavior. this facilitates learning a development skills

Question 29

Six principles of a therapeutic milieu

Answer 29

• contagious calmness
• respect
• nurse’s care
• intellectual engagement
• caritas (love)
• safe and restorative physical surroundings

Question 30

How do nurses manage a therapeutic environment in milieu therapy?

Answer 30

nursing process

Question 31

nurses have the responsibility for ensuring that the patient’s _________ and __________ needs are met

Answer 31

physiological;psychological

Question 32

what is relaxation therapy?

Answer 32

an effective means of reducing stress response that can counteract the physiological and behavioral manifestations of stress

Question 33

methods of relaxation include:

Answer 33

deep breathing
meditation
mental imagery
biofeedback

Question 34

____________ communication and behavior is an important skill for nurses to develop and practice

Answer 34

assertive

Question 35

The goal of assertiveness training is teaching clients to _______

Answer 35

express what they fell and need without becoming defensive or violating the rights of others

Question 36

Assessing a patient’s ________ needs is an important aspect of holistic nursing care

Answer 36

holistic

Question 37

what principles is holistic nursing care based on

Answer 37

that a patient’s biological, social, psychological and spiritual aspects are interconnected. These aspects fit together to form a unique person

Question 38

what is spiritual intelligence?

Answer 38

the human capaacity to ask questions about the ultimate meaning of life and the integrated relationship between us and the world we live in

Question 39

Spiritual care involves the values of _____, ______, love. and _______

Answer 39

faith, hope, forgiveness

Question 40

Assessing the spiritual needs of a patients with psychotic disorders can pose challenges.
how so?

Answer 40

patient may have religious delusions, they may believe they are a profit or a reincarnation of Jesus Christ.

Question 41

what are some Nursing dx for spiritual and religious needs?

Answer 41

• Spiritual distress
• readiness for enhanced spiritual well being
• impaired religiosity
• readiness for enhanced religiosity

Question 42

What are some outcomes to evaluate the effectiveness of nursing interventions?

Answer 42

• verbalizes acceptance of self worth
• accepts and incorporates change into life
• identifies meaning and purpose in life that reinforce hope, peace, and contentment

Question 43

Cognitive behavioral therapy is used to treat these disorders

Answer 43

schizophrenia, mood disorders, personality disorders, PTSD, substance abuse

Question 44

what is the focus of CBT?

Answer 44

the focus is changing automatic thought patterns that contribute to mood and thought disturbances

Question 45

what is an example of “personalizing”

Answer 45

a type of automatic thought pattern
“Im the only one who failed that test!”

Question 46

what is an example of “all or nothing” thinking

Answer 46

a type of automatic thought pattern
“im a failure at every god damn thing i do!”

Question 47

what is an example of “mind reading”

Answer 47

a type of automatic thought pattern
“he thinks im a dumbass!!”

Question 48

what is an example of “discounting positivies”

Answer 48

an automaic thought pattern
“even though i got the promotion, its probably only because no one else wanted it!”