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Introduction to Clinical Psychology Kramer > Chapter 7: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Psychotherapies > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Psychotherapies Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

One-on-one treatment involving frank discussion of a client’s thoughts and feelings; reflect Freud’s ideas

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2
Q

Emphases of Psychoanalysis

A

Searching for relationships between a person’s developmental history and current problems
Blockages or dissociations in self-awareness as causes of psychological problems
Talking as an approach to treatment
Therapeutic Relationship as the talking cure

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3
Q

Topographical Model of the Mind

A

Continuum from unconscious, to preconscious, to conscious, fundamental to understanding Freud’s views of personality

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4
Q

Unconscious Forces

A

Id, Ego, Superego

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5
Q

Id

A

Primitive source of instinctual drives, especially sexual/sensual, and aggressive drives; seeks to discharge tension by engaging in sexual or aggressive impulses

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6
Q

Superego

A

Mental agency that incorporates norms from one’s parents, family, and culture, contains the ego ideal or how one would like to be; in conflict with the id

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7
Q

Ego

A

Referees the id and the superego; simulataneously recognizing and responding to external realities

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8
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A

Essentially unconsicous mental strategies or routines that the ego employs to ward off the anxiety produced by intrapsychic conflict

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9
Q

Denial

A

Avoiding awareness of aspects of external reality that are difficult to face

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10
Q

Projection

A

Perceiving and reacting to unacceptable inner impulses as though they were outside the self, typically in another person

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11
Q

Splitting

A

Compartmentalizing experiences of the self and others so that contradictions in behavior, thought, or affect are not recognized

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12
Q

Dissociation

A

Disrupting one’s sense of continuity in the areas of identity, memory, consciousness, or perception

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13
Q

Regression

A

Returning to an earlier phase of development or functioning

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14
Q

Identification

A

Internalizing the qualities of another person by becoming like him or her

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15
Q

Displacement

A

Shifting feeling associated with one idea, object, or person to another

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16
Q

Intellectualization

A

Using excessive and abstract ideation to avoid difficult feelings

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17
Q

Reaction Formation

A

Transforming an unacceptable impulse into its opposite

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18
Q

Suppression

A

Consciously deciding not to attend to a particular feeling, state or impulse

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19
Q

Humor

A

Finding the cominc and/or idonic elements in difficult situations

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20
Q

Sublimation

A

Transforming socially or internally unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable expression

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21
Q

Mature Defenses

A

Suppression, Humor & Sublimation

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22
Q

Transference

A

When the client unconsciously brings a maladaptive pattern of relating into therapy

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23
Q

Countertransference

A

When therapists’ reactions toward clients are based on the therapist’s personal history and conflicts; can impair progress of therapy if the therapist begins to distort the therapeutic interaction on the basis of his or her own conflicts and defenses

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24
Q

Psychic Determinism

A

Idea that memories, impressions, or experiences that occur together in a client’s mind are necesarily related not random; presuming that slips of the tongue and other unexpected verbal associations are psychologically meaningful

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25
Q

Resistance

A

Happens when the therapist and client get closer to a client’s core unconscious conflicts and emotions

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26
Q

Working Through

A

Working through transference reactions and resistance; fills in the details

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27
Q

Interpretation

A

Involves the analyst suggesting connections between patients’ current experiences and their historically based conflicts; a way of pointing out how the past intrudes on the present; can be based on material or reactions in a client

28
Q

Optimal Interpretation

A

Takes the form of what you are doing (thinking, feeling, & fantasizing) with me now is what you are also doing with your current significant other, and what you did with your father

29
Q

Insight

A

Happens when the client makes sense in a cognitive and emotional way; seeing the problem in a new way; basic requirement for and the beginning of positive change; provides the outline of a patient’s story

30
Q

Self-Understanding

A

Occurs through intellectual recognition of one’s innermost wishes and conflicts, emotional involvement in discoveries about oneself, and the systematic tracing of ow unconscious factors have determined past and present behaviors affected relations with other people

31
Q

Main Goals of Psychoanalytic Treatment

A

Intellectual and emotional insight into the underlying causes of the client’s problems
Working through or fully exploring the implications of those insights
Strengthening the ego’s control over the id and the superego

32
Q

Psychoanalytic Assessment

A

Historical data such as family and developmental history (to identify information related to early conflicts or trauma)
Mental Status, level of distress, ego strengths and definicits, and psychological mindedness (to assess the client’s intellectual and emotional ability to engage in psychoanalytic treatment)
Defense mechanisms, themes, or patterns of attachment difficulties in interpersonal relationships (to identify transference patterns)

33
Q

Free Association

A

Saying what comes to mind without editing or censorship; helps clients recover memories and reveal intrapsychic associations

34
Q

Dream Analysis

A

Manifest Content - often contain features associated with the dreamer’s recent activities (day residue)
Latent Content - unconscious ideas and impulses that appear in disguised form

35
Q

Dream Work

A

Process of transforming unacceptable material into acceptable manifest content

36
Q

Transference Neurosis

A

Whent he patient-therapist relationship creates a miniature version of the causes of the client’s problems

37
Q

Psychodynamic Psychotherapy

A

Less emphasis on sexual and aggressive id impulses
Greater attention ot adaptive functioning of the ego
Greater attention to the role of close relationships
Flexibility in the degree to which psychotherapists analyze and interpret versus offer empathy and emotional support

38
Q

Individual Psychology

A

Alfred Adler; striving to overcome feelings of inferiority; importance of social motives and social behavior

39
Q

Analytical Psychology

A

Carl Jung; reconciliation of opposites in personality, personality orientations of introversion and extroversion, personal and collective unconscious

40
Q

Will Therapy

A

Otto Rank; client choice; therapist humanity rather than technical skill

41
Q

Ego Psychology

A

Anna Freud, Heinz Hartman, & David Rapaport; focus on adaptive ego functioning and establishment of firm identity and intimacy

42
Q

Object Relations Theory

A

Melanie Klein, Otto Kernberg, David Wnnicott, WRD Fairbairn; modifying mental representations of interpersonal relationships that come from early attachments

43
Q

Self-Psychology

A

Heinz Kohut; Closely relation to object relations theory but stresses development of autonomous self

44
Q

Interpersonal Relations School

A

Harry Stack Sullivan; Clara Thompson; Interpersonal contexts of disorders and treatment

45
Q

Relational and Postmodern Approaches

A

Steven Mitchell, Robert Solorow, & George Atwood; strong emphasis on relationships with caretakers and exploration of the intersubjective space created jointly by clients and therapists

46
Q

Short-Term Psychodynaic Approaches

A

Wilhelm Stekel & Hans Strupp; Coping strategies stressed over historical interpretations

47
Q

Common Features of Psychoanalysis

A 
Belief in the psychological importance of:
Intrapsychic conflict
Unconscious processes
Early relationships
Ego functioning
Client-Therapist Relationship
48
Q

Free Association

A

Saying what comes to mind without editing or censorship; helps clients recover memories and reveal intrapsychic associations

49
Q

Dream Analysis

A

Manifest Content - often contain features associated with the dreamer’s recent activities (day residue)
Latent Content - unconscious ideas and impulses that appear in disguised form

50
Q

Dream Work

A

Process of transforming unacceptable material into acceptable manifest content

51
Q

Transference Neurosis

A

Whent he patient-therapist relationship creates a miniature version of the causes of the client’s problems

52
Q

Psychodynamic Psychotherapy

A

Less emphasis on sexual and aggressive id impulses
Greater attention ot adaptive functioning of the ego
Greater attention to the role of close relationships
Flexibility in the degree to which psychotherapists analyze and interpret versus offer empathy and emotional support

53
Q

Individual Psychology

A

Alfred Adler; striving to overcome feelings of inferiority; importance of social motives and social behavior

54
Q

Analytical Psychology

A

Carl Jung; reconciliation of opposites in personality, personality orientations of introversion and extroversion, personal and collective unconscious

55
Q

Will Therapy

A

Otto Rank; client choice; therapist humanity rather than technical skill

56
Q

Ego Psychology

A

Anna Freud, Heinz Hartman, & David Rapaport; focus on adaptive ego functioning and establishment of firm identity and intimacy

57
Q

Object Relations Theory

A

Melanie Klein, Otto Kernberg, David Wnnicott, WRD Fairbairn; modifying mental representations of interpersonal relationships that come from early attachments

58
Q

Self-Psychology

A

Heinz Kohut; Closely relation to object relations theory but stresses development of autonomous self

59
Q

Interpersonal Relations School

A

Harry Stack Sullivan; Clara Thompson; Interpersonal contexts of disorders and treatment

60
Q

Relational and Postmodern Approaches

A

Steven Mitchell, Robert Solorow, & George Atwood; strong emphasis on relationships with caretakers and exploration of the intersubjective space created jointly by clients and therapists

61
Q

Short-Term Psychodynaic Approaches

A

Wilhelm Stekel & Hans Strupp; Coping strategies stressed over historical interpretations

62
Q

Common Features of Psychoanalysis

A 
Belief in the psychological importance of:
Intrapsychic conflict
Unconscious processes
Early relationships
Ego functioning
Client-Therapist Relationship
63
Q

Ego Analytic Techniques

A

Focus less on working through early childhood experiences and more on working through current problems; work is on ego strength which includes reality testing, impulse control, judgment, and the use of more mature defense mechanisms

64
Q

Object Relations

A

Focus on the nature of interpersonal relationships, especially relationships that are build from early infant-caregiver interactions

65
Q

Kohut’s self psychology

A

Focuses more on the self or self-concept but views the analyst’s task as providing the type of empathic responding and nurturing that the client is assumed to have missed as an infant

Introduction to Clinical Psychology Kramer (7 decks)

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