Chapter 7: Photosynthesis Flashcards
What is the general equation for photosynthesis?
7.1
6 CO2 + 12 H20 + Light energy –> C6H12O2 + 6 H2O
In the process of photosynthesis, light energy is captures which is used to synthesize _______
7.1
Carbohydrates
In photosythesis, what molecule is Oxidized and what molecule is Reduced
7.1
H20 (water) = Oxidized
CO2 (carbon dioxide) = Reduced
What are the 2 categories that classify organisms and explain the differences?
7.1
Autotrophs; make organic molecules from inorganic sources
Heterotrophs; must consume food/ aquire organic molecules from environment
Name the organelle that photosythesis takes place in
7.1
The Chloroplast
What part of the plant does photosythesis occur?
a. Stem
b. Leaves
c. Roots
d. Bud
7.1
c. Leaves
specifically mesophyll cells
Name the 2 stages of photosynthesis
7.1
Light Reactions and The Calvin Cycle
What are the products of Light Reaction?
(hint: there are 3 products)
7.1
ATP, NADPH, and O2
What are the products of The Calvin Cycle?
7.1
G3P, NADP+, and ADP+Phosphate
Light is a type of ________ radiation; it consist of energy in the form of electric and magnetic waves
7.2
Electromagnetic
Select ALL that are TRUE
When light encounters a molecule, it can:
-Pass through the molecule
-Bounce off the molecule
-Change its path toward a different direction
-Become absorbed by the molecule
-Decrease the molecules temperature
7.2
-Pass through the molecule
-Bounce off the molecule
-Change its path toward a different direction
-Become absorbed by the molecule
______ are the molecues that can absorb light
7.2
Pigments
Molecules have 2 states, one involves the molecule in a “normal” state and the other, when the electron of the molecule absorbs energy.
Name the 2 states
7.2
Ground State; the “normal state”
Excited State; when an electron absorbs energy
Name the 3 ways electrons release energy
7.2
Heat, Light, and Transferred/Captured
Note: Excited electron in pigments can transfer energy only
What are the two types of Chlorophyll pigments?
7.2
Chlorophyll a AND Chlorophyll b
The ____ anchors the pigment to the protein within the thylakoid membrane
7.2
Hydrocarbon tail
Within the thylakoid membrane, 2 distinct pigment molecules are present.
What are these 2 pigment molecules?
7.2
Photosystem I and II
Name the pigment in Photosystem II
7.2
P680
Name the pigment in Photosystem I
7.2
P700
The ____ ____ ____ contains the combined action of PS II and PS I
7.2
Linear Electron Flow
The ____ ____ ____ uses PSI ONLY
7.2
Cyclic Electron Flow
Name the products of Linear electron flow
7.2
ATP and NADPH
Name the products of the Cyclic electron flow
7.2
ATP ONLYYYYYY
True or False
The linear electron flow produces enough ATP to initate the Calvin Cycle
7.2
False, This lack of ATP production is resovled by the cyclic electron cycle
True or False
The Calvin Cycle uses more NADPH than ATP
7.2
False, it uses more ATP than NADPH
True or False
The Cyclic electron flow activates when levels of NADP+ low and NADPH is high
7.2
True, it also activates when ATP levels are low
How is the ATP Synthase activated?
7.2
When H+ creates an electrochemical gradient in the thylakoid lumen, causing the H+ to travel and reach the ATP Synthase
NOTE: this process happens in both Linear and Cyclic Electron Flow
PS I and II have 2 main componets.
One componet is composed of many pigment molecules anchored to the transmembrane protein
One is the site where the redox reaction takes place it and contains P680
7.3
Light-Harvesting Complex: The componet that contains many pigmets and is anchored to the transmembrane
Reaction Center: The site where redox reaction takes place, contain the P680
Which protein complex/s can oxidize water, resulting in the release of O2
7.3
PS II ONLY
Describe the Z Scheme model
7.3
Z Scheme refers to the zigzag shape of the energy curve. Z Scheme proposed that photosynthesis involves 2 events of light absorption
What is the product of the Calvin Cycle
7.4
G3P or Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
Name the 3 phases of the Calvin Cycle and describe their function
7.4
Carbon Fixation - CO2 is incorporated into RuBP, a 5-carbon sugar; the enzyme Rubisco catalyzes this reation and the 6-carbon intermediate splits into two 3-carbon molecules
Reduction and carbohydate production - ATP is used as a source of energy and NADPH is used a a source of high-energy electrons; G3P is produced
Regeneration of RuBP - Most of the G3P is used to regenerate RuBP, allowing the cycle to continue
What environment conditions alters the operation of the Calvin Cycle
there are 3 different ones
7.5
- Temperature
- Water Avaliability
- Light Intesity
True or False
C3 plants are more combatable in warmer environments
7.5
False
When does photorespiration occur?
7.5
When rubisco adds O2; as intermediates are processed, a molecule of CO2 is released
C4 and CAM plants make ____ in the first step of carbon fixation
7.5
oxaloacetate
In C4 Plants, the leaves have a two-cell layer organization. Name these two layers
7.5
Messophyll cells
Bundle-sheath cells
____ Plants open their stomata at night
7.5
C4 or CAM Plants
True or False
CAM and C4 plants use more energy to fix CO2 than C3 plants
7.5
True; C3 plants use less energy
True or False
CAM and C4 plants are more habitable in warmer and drier environments
7.5
True
