chapter 7 part 5 Flashcards
the process of forming bone
ossification
what is required in bone formation
cartilage or membranous model
connective tissue membrane is used to make bone
intramembranous ossification
hyaline cartilage is used to make bone
endochondral ossification
forms flat bones of the cranium and face
intramembranous ossification
cells that group together and differentiate into osteoblasts forming an ossification center
mesenchymal cells
surrounds trabecular bone in intramembranous ossification
compact bone
forms most long bones
endochondral ossification
how are fetal skeletons form
combination of intramembranous and endochondral ossification
cartilage grows longer due to mitotic replication of chondrocytes, increase in length
interstitial cartilage growth
cartilage grows wider, occurs as cells in the perichondrium become chondroblasts and secrete matrix, increase in width
appositional cartilage growth
chondrites divide by mitosis which allows cartilage to grow in length
interstitial cartilage growth
how bones grow in length
epiphyseal plate grows
how bones grow in diameter
occurs by appositional growth
changes bones go through on daily basis
bone remodeling
hormones that influence bone
calcitonin and parathyroid
causes bones to take up calcium
calcitonin
hormone causes bones to release calcium
parathyroid
break of bone
fracture
steps in bone repair
hematoma prevents blood loss
cartilage callus forms new bone
callus is replaced by bone
compact bone is built around the outer surface of bone
aligning of bones for optimal healing
reduction
types of fractures
closed, open, transverse, spiral, comminuted, impacted, greenstick, oblique
