CHAPTER 7 (NUCLEAR PLANT) Flashcards
What is the suggested maximum permissible dose (MPD) of gamma ray exposure for general individuals not working in a nuclear setting, bu choice, in rem/year?
1/2
The number of protons in thee nuclear of an atin of the number of electrons in the orbit of an atom
Atomic number
The process in which a nucleus splits into smaller fragments
Fission
The ability of a substance to absorb neurons is dependent upon which parameter?
Absorption cross section
What kind of bonding do common gases that exist in free as diatomic molecules experiences?
Covalent Bonds
Which of the following is NOT a unit of energy?
Dynes
The process in which a nucleus splits into smaller fragments
Fission
Which of the following is NOT a unit of energy?
Pascals
An electrically charged atom or radical which carries electricity through an electrolyte is called:
ion
What is the smallest particle of an element that can enter into a chemical reaction?
Atom
Beryllium, magnesium, and calcium all belong to which elemental grouping?
Alkaline earth metals
The thickness of material requiref to attenuate radiation to a particular level depends on
the particle, its energy, and the shielding material
Particles that are easily stopped within a few millimeter because their double charges generate path ionization and because they are susceptible to electrostatic interaction are:
alpha radiations
Radiation consisting of singly charged particles that generate to intermediate distances are called:
beta radiations
Radiation with no charge, which produces no ionization, and which is difficult to attenuate thus posing a major health threat
gamma radiations
The property of fluid at a location where the Mach number is unity (at the throat) are called:
critical properties
Gamma attenuation is affected by:
The photoelectric effect, pair production, and Compton scattering
The amount of radiation shield’s dimensional geometry that reduces radiation to half of its original value is called the _____
half-value thickness
The amount of radiation shield’s density that reduces radiation to half of its original value is called the ____
half-value mass
Radiation exposure, the measure of gamma radiation at the surface of an object, is measured in:
roentegens
Radiation exposure rate, the rate of gamma radiation at the surface of an object, is measured in
roentegens per second
Exposure is a measure of ionization surrounding a person, but biological damage is dependent on the amount of energy ______
absorbed
All of the following are practical applications of Einstein’s principle of special relativity except _____
space wrapping
The postulate that no signal or energy can be transmitted with a speed greater than the speed of light is consistent with ____
Einstein’s Law
The total energy of an electron in the same shell is defined by the
principal quantum number
The direction of an electron’s angular momentum vector is defined by the
magnetic quantum number
The electron’s spin angular momentum vector is defined by the
electron spin quantum number
The magnitude of an electron’s angular momentum vector is defined by the
azimuthal quantum number
The fact that each orbital of a set of equal-energy orbitals must be occupied with an electron before any orbitals has two electrons is specified by which of the following?
Hund rule
The statement that no two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers is known as the
Pauli exclusion principle
All of the following terms describe the radiation lines from transitions of electrons in an atom except
obtuse
When electrons are not shared equally between two elements, and electrons spend more time with one element than other, the bonding is called:
polar covalent bonding
When electrons are shared equally (e.g., when the atoms are the same as in diatomic gases), the bonding is called:
non-polar covalent bonding
Einstein reasoned there was a discrete amount of energy needed to remove an electron from a surface, with the rest of the incident photon’s energy contributing to the kinetic energy of the photon., the amount of energy is called:
work function
Which of the following is not a postulate of Bohr’s theory of the hydrogen atom?
Light waves exist simultaneously as high frequency electrical and magnetic waves
