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PIPE > Chapter 2 (FUELS & COMBUSTION) > Flashcards

Chapter 2 (FUELS & COMBUSTION) Flashcards

1
Q

Which is not viscosity rating?

A

Entropy Degrees API

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2
Q

Percent excess air is the difference between the air actually supplied and the theoretically required divided by

A

the theoretically air supplied

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3
Q

What is the apparatus used in the analysis of combustible gases?

A

Calorimeter

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4
Q

The viscosity of most commercially available petroleum lubricating oil changes rapidly above

A

180 °F

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5
Q

When 1 mol carbon combines with 1 mol oxygen

A

1 mol carbon dioxide

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6
Q

What are the immediate undersirable products from the petroleum based lubricating oil when subjected to high pressure and temperature?

A

Gums, resins and acids

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7
Q

What kind of bonding do common gases that exist in free state as diatomic molecules experiences?

A

Covalent bonds

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8
Q

An Orsat’s apparatus is used for

A

volumetric analysis of the flue gas

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9
Q

A theorem that states that the total property of a mixture of ideal gases is the sum of the properties that the individual gases would have if each occupied the total mixture volume alone as the same temperature.

A

Gibbs Theorem

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10
Q

A small enough particles suspended in a fluid exhibit small random movements due to the statistical collision of fluid molecules on the particles. This motion is called

A

Brownian motion

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11
Q

When two or more light atoms have sufficient energy ( available only at high temperatures and velocities) to fuse together to form a heavier nucleus the process is called

A

fusion

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12
Q

What is the residue left after combustion of a fossil fuel?

A

Ash

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13
Q

What is formed during incomplete combustion of carbon in fuels?

A

Carbon monoxide

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14
Q

A gas produced by the combustion of fuel oil and cannot be found in the fuel gasses is:

A

hydrogen

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15
Q

Which of the following chemical reactions in which heat is absorbed?

A

Endothermic reaction

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16
Q

A chemical reaction in which heat is given off.

A

Exothermic reaction

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17
Q

The colorless, odorless mixture of nitrogen and oxygen, with traces of other gases water vapor and same impurities

A

Air

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18
Q

The transfer of air and air characteristics by horizontal motion is called

A

advection

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19
Q

Properties of non-reacting gas mixtures are given by :

A

volumetric weighting for molecular weight and density, and geometric weight for all other properties except entropy

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20
Q

The process was of separating two or more liquids by means of the difference in their boiling point

A

Fractional distillation

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21
Q

The gaseous products of combustion of a boiler which contains carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, oxygen, nitrogen and water vapor is called

A

Flue gas

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22
Q

The substance whose burning with oxygen yields heat energy such as coal, petroleum and natural gas.

A

Fuel

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23
Q

Stoichiometric ratio is :

A

chemically correct air-fuel ratio by weight

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24
Q

A type of radiation consisting of singly charged particles that generate to intermediate distances

A

Beta radiation

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25
Q

The increase velocity past the throat is due to the rapid decrease in the:

A

fluid density

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26
Q

In an oxidation- reduction chemical reaction, all of the following occur except:

A

nuclear fusion

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27
Q

The residual oil left after the distillation of gasoline and kerosene from crude petroleum; yellow to brown oil used as a diesel fuel and for enriching water gas

A

Gas oil

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28
Q

A fuel gas obtained by the destructive distillation of soft coal is called

A

Coal gas

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29
Q

Removing of impurities from a gas by bubbling it through a liquid purifying agent is called

A

Gas scrubbing

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30
Q

During a fusion process, mass is lost and converted to energy according to:

A

Einstein’s law

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31
Q

A finely divided carbon deposit by the smoke or flame is called

A

Soot

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32
Q

Rare gases such as helium, argon, krypton, xenon and radon that are non- reactive are called

A

Inert gases

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33
Q

Kinematics and dynamic viscosity vary from each other only by a factor equal to the:

A

fluid density

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34
Q

The following properties are different for isomers of the same chemical compound except:

A

number of atoms in amole of each isomers

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35
Q

Atomic weights of the elements in the periodic table are not whole numbers because of

A

The existence of isotopes

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36
Q

The tendency of a pure compound to be composed of the same elements combined in a defined proportion by mass

A

The law of definite proportions

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37
Q

What is the effect of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

A

lower the activation energy

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38
Q

The relationship between the concentration of products and reactants in a reversible chemical reaction given by

A

the equilibrium constant

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39
Q

What fuel gas obtained by the destructive distillation of soft coal?

A

Coal gas

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40
Q

The process of splitting the nucleus into smaller fragments

A

fission

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41
Q

The ash that us remover from the combustor after the fuel is burn is the

A

bottom ash

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42
Q

A mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide made by passing steam over hot coke

A

water gas

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43
Q

All of the following are true of non-stoichiometric reactions except

A

non- stoichiometric reactions are rare in the combustion process

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44
Q

Is the ratio of the volume at the end of heat addition to the volume at the start of heat addition

A

cut-off ration

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45
Q

Piston rings are made of

A

cast iron

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46
Q

Low power is due to

A

low injection pressure

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47
Q

A branch system of pipes to carry waste emissions away from the piston chambers of an internal combustion engine is called

A

Exhaust manifold

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48
Q

The type of filter where the filtering elements is replaceable

A

metal edge filter

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49
Q

When four events takes place in one revolution of a crankshaft of an engine, the engine is called

A

two stroke engine

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50
Q

Which of the following does not belong to the group

A

Time injection system

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51
Q

Specific heat capacity is an SI derived unit described as:

A

J/kg °K

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52
Q

A device whose primary function is to meter the flow of refrigerant to the evaporator

A

Thermostatic expansion valve

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53
Q

The internal combustion engines never works in

A

Rankine cycle

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54
Q

The general chemical formula for all hydrocarbons is CnHm. In different combinations of interest, as internal combustion engine fuel, n varies from:

A

1 to 26

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55
Q

The general chemical formula for all hydrocarbons is CnHm. In different combinations of interest, as internal combustion engine fuel, m varies from:

A

2 to 54

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56
Q

The general formula of a paraffin fuel is

A

CnH2n+2

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57
Q

Napthenes and olefins are types of hydrocarbons with chemical formula of

A

CnH2n

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58
Q

Which of the following types of hydrocarbons have chemical formula of CnH2n-2?

A

Diolefins

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59
Q

Which of the following types of hydrocarbons have chemical formula of CnH2n-4

A

Asphaltics

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60
Q

What is the chemical formula of an Aromatic type of hydrocarbon fuels?

A

CnH2n-6

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61
Q

At atmospheric condition, hydrocarbon molecules with a low number of carbon atoms, 1 to 4 are

A

Gases

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62
Q

Hydrocarbons with 5 to 15 carbon atoms are:

A

more or less volatile light oils

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63
Q

Hydrocarbons with 16 to 26 atoms are referred to as:

A

heavy oils

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64
Q

In a four stroke engine if a valve opens 25 ° before B.D. C. and close 10 ° after T.D.C. the valve should be

A

exhaust valve

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65
Q

In a hot wire anemometer the rate of heat loss from sensing elements is a function of:

A

velocity of flow

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66
Q

Sticking valves

A

valve springs of defective material

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67
Q

Detonation of pinging noise is due to:

A

late timing of fuel injection

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68
Q

The thermal efficiency of a dual cycle engine with fixed compression ratio and fixed quantity of heat and with increase in pressure ratio will:

A

increase

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69
Q

Scavenging efficiency of a four stroke diesel engine is:

A

between 95% and 100%

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70
Q

Volumetric efficiency of a well designed engine may be in the range of:

A

75 to 90 per cent

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71
Q

During idling in a compression ignition engine the air fuel ratio may be of the order:

A

30

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72
Q

Vapor lock is

A

complete or partial stoppage of fuel supply because of vaporization of fuel in supply system

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73
Q

Flash point of liquids is the temperature at which:

A

The fuel emits vapors at a rate which produces an inflammable mixture with air

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74
Q

The mean effective pressure of a diesel cycle having fixed compression ratio will increase if cut off ratio is

A

increased

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75
Q

Hot spots

A

are the spots where heavier functions of fuel are vaporized

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76
Q

Flash point for diesel fuel oil should be:

A

maximum 49 °C

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77
Q

Morse test is conducted on :

A

multi-cylinder engines

78
Q

Prony brake is used for testing of:

A

small engines

79
Q

Clog point of an oil refer to:

A

the temperature at which paraffin and waxes in oil start precipating

80
Q

Otto cycle consists of

A

two isentropic and two constant volumes processed

81
Q

Diesel cycle consists of:

A

two isentropic, one constant volume and one constant pressure processes

82
Q

Which is not correct for calculating air standard efficiency?

A

Gases dissociate at higher temperatures

83
Q

The king pin inclination is generally:

A

between 2 ° and 5 °

84
Q

For balancing single cylinder engine a counter weight is added to:

A

Crank

85
Q

To measure a clearance between the valve and tappet of an automobile engine we use a

A

feeler gauge

86
Q

By supercharging:

A

thermal efficiency of the engine can be improved

87
Q

Speedometer drive is generally taken from

A

front wheel

88
Q

Odometer is:

A

an instrument used for distance measurement

89
Q

Automobile radiator is filled with

A

soft water

90
Q

The ignition coil acts as:

A

a step up transformer

91
Q

The self starting motor for automobiles is a:

A

DC series motor

92
Q

Starting motor current may be about

A

25 A

93
Q

As a rule before the piston are removed, it is essential to remove the:

A

piston rings

94
Q

Common causes for excessive oil consumption include:

A

high speed and worn engine

95
Q

The device that is used for reducing the exhaust noise is called

A

muffler

96
Q

The device that is used to measure the clearance between the valve and tappet of an internal combustion engine is measured by using:

A

feeler gauge

97
Q

Which of the following instrument is used measuring specific gravity

A

Hydrometer

98
Q

Exhaust gas leakage into a cooling system is most likely to occur because of defective:

A

cylinder head gasket

99
Q

Clutch slippage with clutch is engaged is specially noticeable

A

during acceleration

100
Q

To engage securely and prevent dragging the clearance between release bearing and release collar in a clutch is generally:

A

2-3 mm

101
Q

Gudgeon pins are made of:
A. same material as that of piston
B. cast iron
C. hardened and ground steel
D. none of these

A

none of these

102
Q

Latex is:

A

a milky juice of rubber

103
Q

Cross wire grooves on tires

A

absorb shocks because of road unevenness

104
Q

The diesel pump is designed to supply fuel

A

insufficient quantity in accordance with the engine speed

105
Q

The fuel injected into a cylinder in Diesel engine, when the piston is:

A

approaching T.D.C. during compression stroke

106
Q

In the cam, the distance between the base circle and the nose is known as

A

lift

107
Q

Dirt or gum in fuel nozzle or jets can produce:

A

smoky black exhaust

108
Q

Oil pan is attached:

A

to the bottom of the cylinder block

109
Q

Excess oil consumption in engine may be because of :

A

any of the above

110
Q

Wheel base of the vehicle is the:

A

distance between front and rear axles

111
Q

The percent of heat released from fuel-air mixture, in an internal combustion engine which converted into useful work is roughly

A

20-25 per cent

112
Q

The efficiency of hydraulic braking system is:

A

about 90 per cent of

113
Q

The instrument that is used to check the state of charge of a battery is called a

A

hydrometer

114
Q

When not in use, the self discharge of an automobile battery in dry weather is generally:

A

0.5 to 1%

115
Q

A laminated glass on cracking:

A

sandwitched layer taps the fragments

116
Q

Wax is applied on car body as:

A

any of the above

117
Q

A spark voltage requires a voltage of:

A

220 V

118
Q

The minimum cranking speed in petrol engine is

A

60-80 rpm

119
Q

Which oil is more viscous?

A

SAE 80

120
Q

Engine oil is generally changed after:

A

2500-6000 km

121
Q

The most probable cause for uneven wear of tires for a truck is

A

any of the above

122
Q

In a vehicle the most probable cause for hard steering may be:

A

any of the above

123
Q

Poor compression in a two stroke engine cannot be because of :

A

leaky valves

124
Q

The number of exhaust manifolds in a V-8 engine is:

A

two

125
Q

The device for soothing out the power impulses from engine is known as:

A

fly wheel

126
Q

The firing order in case of four cylinder in- line engines is generally
A. 1-2-4-3
B. 1-3-4-2
C. 1-4-3-2

A

either B or C

127
Q

In case of four cylinder opposed cylinder engines, the firing order is

A

1-4-3-2

128
Q

In a four stroke engine , for the combustion of one liter of fuel, the volume of air needed would be approximately

A

9-10 cu.m

129
Q

Theoretically air needed for the combustion of one kg of fuel is:

A

14.5 kg

130
Q

Which of the following is the cause of loss power?

A

Low injection pressure

131
Q

A valve in the carburetor of an internal combustion engines which regulates the proportion of air gasoline vapors entering the cylinder

A

Choke valve

132
Q

What device combines air and fuel for burning in cylinder?

A

Carburetor

133
Q

A passive restraint device consisting of bags in front of the driver and passenger

A

Air bag

134
Q

The heat exchanger used in an Ericsson cycle is:

A

recuperator

135
Q

In stirling engine, the heat added during

A

isothermal process

136
Q

In an Otto engine, the heat is added during

A

isometric process

137
Q

Exhaust stroke of gasoline engine is also known as

A

scavenging

138
Q

The mechanical efficiency of a device is the ratio of the

A

ideal energy input to the actual energy input

139
Q

The smallest subdivision of an element that can take place in a chemical reaction is a/an

A

atom

140
Q

The smallest subdivision of a compound that can exist in a natural state is a/an

A

molecule

141
Q

Elements with different atomic weights but the same atomic number are:

A

isotopes

142
Q

All of the following are characteristics of metals except:

A

tendency to form brittle solids

143
Q

The following are all characteristics of nonmetals except

A

being reducing agents

144
Q

Graduations in the properties of elements from one elements to the next are less pronounced in:

A

groups

145
Q

All of the following are components of a chemical elements except:

A

ions

146
Q

Which of the following is not a prefix used in naming isomers?

A

Bi

147
Q

All of the following are types of chemical bonds except:

A

nuclear bonds

148
Q

The equilibrium distance between elements in an ionic bond is function of all the following except:

A

atomic weight

149
Q

Which of the following statements is not a characteristic of ionic compounds?

A

They are good electrical conductors in the solid phase

150
Q

What kind of bonding do common gases that exist a free state as diatomic molecules experience?

A

Covalent bonds

151
Q

Measure are diffuser’s ability to increase the pressure of the fluid is:

A

pressure recovery factor

152
Q

A decrease in stagnation pressure will decrease the mass flux through the:

A

diverging nozzle

153
Q

What is the main power generating plant that produces the most electricity per unit thermal energy in the fuel input and has the greatest surplus pf electricity for most cogeneration system?

A

Diesel engine

154
Q

Air standard efficiency of a diesel engine depends on

A

compression ratio

155
Q

What is meant by brake horsepower?

A

Actual horsepower delivered to the engine drive shaft

156
Q

Average pressure on a surface when a changing pressure condition exist

A

mean effective pressure

157
Q

What air pressure is needed for air starting a diesel engine?

A

250 psi

158
Q

Mechanical energy of pressure transformed into energy of heat:

A

Enthalpy

159
Q

Ignition of the air-fuel mixture in the intake of the exhaust manifold

A

Backfire

160
Q

The total sulfur content in a diesel fuel must not exceed

A

0.5%

161
Q

The color of lubricating oil:

A

does not indicate qualities

162
Q

There are two broad types in the classification of lubricating oils, these are straight and

A

additives

163
Q

Most commercially available petroleum lubricating oil deteriorates starting from operating temperature of:

A

200 °F

164
Q

An Orsat apparatus is used for:

A

volumetric analysis of the flue gases

165
Q

The indicator used to determine the anti-knock characteristics of gasoline

A

Octane number

166
Q

Amount of heat liberated by the complete combustion of a unit weight or volume of duel is

A

heating value

167
Q

Air the controls the rate of combustion in the combustion chamber is known as:

A

secondary air

168
Q

Total sulfur content in a diesel fuel oil must not exceed

A

0.5%

169
Q

Percentage of excess air is the difference between the air actually supplied and the theoretically required divided by:

A

theoretical air supplied

170
Q

When fuel oil has a high viscosity then the fuel oil

A

will flow slowly through pipes

171
Q

Engines using heavy fuels require heating of the fuel so that the viscosity at the injector is:

A

150 SSU or slightly higher

172
Q

A gas produced by the combustion of fuel oil and cannot be found in the flue gases is:

A

hydrogen

173
Q

Amount of heat liberated by the complete combustion oa a unit weight or volume of fuel is:

A

heating value

174
Q

The products of complete combustion of hydrocarbons

A

Carbon dioxide and water

175
Q

When the water in the products of combustion is in the vapor state, the heating value is:

A

lower heating value

176
Q

At what temperature wherein an oil of any grade becomes cloudy and it freezes, thus its application is limited.

A

Cold point

177
Q

Dry air can be approximately as__ % oxygen and ____% nitrogen by mole numbers

A

21% and 79%

178
Q

When H2O in the products of combustion is in liquid form, the heating value is known as

A

higher heating value

179
Q

Flow of fluids wherein its particles do not have definite paths and the paths of the individual and distinct particles cross one another is:

A

turbulent flow

180
Q

If the composition of hydrocarbon fuel is known, the ratio between the nitrogen and oxygen that is supplied in air is:

A

constant

181
Q

The property of liquid in which they extend resistance to angular or shear deformation is:

A

Viscosity

182
Q

A property of lubricating oil that measures the thickness of the oil and will help determine how long oil will floe at a given temperature is known as:

A

viscosity

183
Q

the temperature at which lubricating will form a cloud

A

Cloud point

184
Q

The ideal cycle based on the concept that the combustion process is both diesel and gasoline in the combination of heat transfer processes that is constant pressure and constant volume.

A

Dual cycle

185
Q

The unit used for expressing API gravity is:

A

degrees

186
Q

API gravity of water is :

A

10

187
Q

Which of the following variety of coal has highest ash content?

A

Lignite

188
Q

Which of the following is petroleum fuel?

A

Naphta

189
Q

Diesel engjne fuels are rated by:

A

cetane number

190
Q

Which of the following needs to be filtered in a diesel engine?

A

Air, diesel oil and lubricating oil

191
Q

ASTM coal classification is bases on:

A

proximate analysis

192
Q

The minimum amount of air required for a complete combustion of fuel is called

A

theoretical air

PIPE (17 decks)

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